中国政治语境中的“以人为本”概念探析

发布时间：2018-03-03 14:37

本文选题：以人为本　切入点：人民　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“中国政治语境中的‘以人为本’概念探析”目的是,在马克主义人学理论的指导下,沿着中国历史的发展脉络,从根本上回答“何谓‘本’和‘人’”、“以谁为本”以及“以何为本”三个理论问题。破解“以人为本”,也即“如何对待人,,这个价值论概念的核心在于,正确理顺“人是什么”这个本体论问题。本文从“类属性”和“民族属性”两个层面对“人”进行解构,体现了人之内涵的共性与个性。同时,围绕“权力”和“权利”两条主线,层层拆解作为中国政治语境中的“人”,其范畴之演变、价值之根本,实现了“以人为本”由理想到现实的回归,这也是本文的创新之处。“何谓‘本’和‘人’”。从价值论层面考量“本”之内涵,其主要分为三个层面：价值观念层面,本者“根本”也；价值追求层面,本者“目的”也；价值实现层面,本者“主体”也。回答“何谓人”,主要以马克思入学理论为逻辑起点,着重从人与自然、人与社会、人与人的关系中深刻挖掘“人”的本质：人是“劳动”的人、“社会”的人、“历史”的人、“个体”的人。“以谁为本”。“以谁为本”是对本之载体的追问。从传统社会到当代中国,“人”的内涵主要经历了“君下民——人民——人”的历史转变,“以人为本”也实现了从“以君为本”到“以人民为本”、从“以人民为本”到“以人为本”的两大历史跨越。当今中国,既要以“人民”这个群体为本,又要以构成人民群体的“每个人”为本。“以何为本”。“以何为本”主要回答了“以人的什么为本”这一问题。从理论与实践两个层面入手,本部分着重论述了要以人的“基本权利”为本,其可从三个关键词来解读：一是“权利”和“基本权利”。“权利”是合法化的需要,“基本权利”是由宪法予以保障的“绝大多数人”的合法需要；二是权利的“变迁逻辑”和“特点”。不同于西方,中国的“权利”主要历经了“生存权——公民权——人类权”的历史变迁,并呈现出主体的普遍化、内涵的包容性、集体视域下的权利观和主权高于一切等特点；三是权利保障的“历史成就”及“发展反思”。建国以来,我们看到了中国权利建设的辉煌画卷,但日益凸显出的矛盾也值得我们深思：加强对权利建设的物质保障、生态保障、政策保障,是践行以人为本的基本路径。“以人为本”即,国家及构成“人民”群体的每个人,以维护正逐步向“人”过渡的“人民”的基本权利,作为正确处理人与自然、人与社会、人与人之间关系的出发点和落脚点。坚持以人为本,必须以“绝大多数”为主体,以“权利保障”为核心,以“公平正义”为重点,以“国际对话”为导向,逐步构建具有中国特色的“以人为本”理论体系及保障体系。
[Abstract]:The purpose of "the concept of" people-oriented "in the Chinese political context is to follow the development of Chinese history under the guidance of the Marxist theory of humanism. Fundamentally answer three theoretical questions: "what is' Ben 'and' person'," 'who is based' and 'what is it'. The core of the axiological concept is to solve the problem of "putting people first", that is, how to treat people, that is, how to treat people. This paper deconstructs "man" from the two aspects of "class attribute" and "national attribute", which reflects the commonness and individuality of human connotation. According to the two main lines of "power" and "right", the evolution of the category and the fundamental value of the category of "human beings" in the Chinese political context have realized the return of "people-oriented" from ideal to reality. This is also the innovation of this paper. "what is' Ben 'and' person'." considering the connotation of "this" from the aspect of value theory, it is mainly divided into three levels: the level of value concept, the "fundamental" of this person, the level of value pursuit, the "purpose" of the original; At the level of value realization, the author's "subject" also answers "what is man", mainly taking Marx's theory of admission as the logical starting point, focusing on man and nature, man and society, Deeply excavate the essence of "man" in the relationship between people: man is the person of "labor", "society", "history", "individual". "who is the foundation". "who is the basis" is the question of the carrier of this. From the traditional society. To contemporary China, the connotation of "human" has mainly experienced the historical transformation of "the monarch under the people-the people-man", and the "people-oriented" has also realized from "taking the monarch as the basis" to "taking the people as the basis", from "taking the people as the basis" to "taking the people as the center". "the two major historical leaps... China today, We should not only take the "people" as the group, but also the "everyone" who constitutes the people's group. "what is the basis". "what is the basis" mainly answers the question of "what is the people". This part focuses on the "fundamental rights" of human beings. It can be interpreted from three key words: first, "right" and "basic right"; "right" is the need of legalization; "basic right" is the legitimate need of "the overwhelming majority" guaranteed by the Constitution; Second, the "logic of change" and "characteristics" of rights. Unlike in the West, the "rights" in China have mainly undergone the historical changes of "the right to life-citizenship-human rights", and have shown the generalization of the subject and the inclusiveness of the connotation. Third, the historical achievements and development reflections of the protection of rights. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, we have seen a brilliant picture of China's rights construction. However, the increasingly prominent contradictions are also worth pondering over: strengthening the material protection, ecological security and policy guarantee for the construction of rights is the basic way to practice people-oriented practice. "People-oriented" means the country and everyone who constitute the "people" group. In order to safeguard the basic rights of the "people", which are gradually transitioning to "man", as the starting point and foothold for correctly handling the relationship between man and nature, between man and society, and between human beings, and to adhere to the people-oriented principle, the "overwhelming majority" must be the main body, With "right guarantee" as the core, "fairness and justice" as the focus, and "international dialogue" as the guide, the theoretical system and security system of "people-oriented" with Chinese characteristics are gradually constructed.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D61

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