网络互动型参与式治理研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 01:27

本文选题：互联网　切入点：公众参与　出处：《南京大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：互联网与自媒体通讯技术的迅猛发展,快速改变着人与人之间的交往与生活方式。网络环境的开放性,为公众参与治理提供了阳光和土壤;网络交流的平等性,为参与治理主体多元化提供了可能;网络沟通的廉价性,大大降低了公民参与治理的成本;网络上意见表达的直接性,使得参与信息在传递的过程中不会发生偏离或流失。网络社群、微博、微信等新兴网络平台形成了新的公共话语空间,为网民参与提供了设立议程的机会,有些网络舆论甚至能够对行政事务和手握公权力的行政人员产生直接的影响。不断兴起的网络公众参与,已经在维护公民权益、限制政府权力滥用、优化政府决策制定等方面发挥了越来越重要的作用。但网络同时是也一把"双刃剑"。中央提出实现国家治理体系现代化这一愿景,就是要通过体制机制的创新,来使国家治理体系能够更好地适应时代发展的要求。如何正确对待网络参与行为,实现网民与政府部门之间的良好沟通与互动,将网络参与成果转化为促进实现治理体系和治理能力现代化的动力,应对网络时代给政府带来的新挑战,需要积极对治理模式展开创新性的探索研究。研究的导论部分首先说明了研究背景、特点及意义,同时对公众参与和政府治理相关领域的研究现状进行了区分国内和国外的梳理,并对相关著作和论文中已经取得的理论成果和实证成果进行了评述。对本论文的研究意义、应用理论、研究重点、研究方法、创新之处和结构框架也将在导论中阐述。第一章主要分析了网络参与型互动式治理的时代背景,分析了网络公众参与给治理模式带来的冲击与挑战,探讨了治理模式从管理主义到参与式治理的必然趋势。第二章阐述了网络参与型互动式治理的结构要素,对治理的主体、客体、内容进行阐述,描述了论坛等虚拟社群、博客微博、以微信为代表的即时通信平台等主要网络公众参与的组织形式,并分析了网络公众参与组织结构特征。第三章分析了网络互动型参与式治理的实践类型,根据网络中的不同公众参与行为和互动效果,将网络互动型参与式治理划分为信息获取型、意愿表达型、监督型、参与管理决策型等四种类型。并对网络互动型参与式治理进行了现实考量,从有利条件与制约因素两方面分析了网络互动型参与式治理的前景与发展困境。第四章首先概述了传统行政系统和治理模式的保守与封闭,继而分析了网络公众参与给行政系统和治理模式带来的冲击,并以行政系统论为基础,分析了行政系统的回应以及网络公众与行政系统互动的具体模式和结果。第五章运用博弈理论的思想和方法对网络公众参与中各个主体可能的行为进行分析和探讨。通过建立网络公众参与博弈模型,厘清各要素之间的关系及互动过程,探索能够实现参与主体间和谐共赢、共同治理公共事务的最优策略。第七章在深入思考的基础上,探讨了网络互动型参与式治理的实现路径,包括形塑公民意识、保障法律与制度供给、以组织为载体构建公民与政府间的良性互动、进一步畅通网络参与渠道等。结论部分是对整个研究的总结与观点提炼,以及对所研究问题的进一步展望。提升网络时代的政府治理水平,就必须直面信息时代治理的新变化,从治理主体的内在理念到治理的外在方式进行全面转型。首先,要重视培育公民意识,塑造参与型文化,不断提升民众的民主和参与意识以及责任意识,使其有足够的能力也有强烈的意愿承担起作为一个公民所应当承担的社会责任,而不仅仅只是一个被管理者和被动的索取者。其次,要进一步夯实法律和制度基础,在对网络公众参与进行立法时,不仅要制定规范参与行为的实体法,更要制定政府行为、保障网民参与权利的程序法,增强法律条文的可操作性,并设立相应的权利救济制度,从程序上保证公民参与的可操作化和有序化;健全政府信息公开制度、网络问政的长效机制和利益表达机制,实现治理的透明化、常态化和稳定化。第三,充分发挥网络NGO组织作为公民的表达权、知情权、和结社权的放大器和推进器的整合作用,克服网络话语空间碎片化现象、推进社会治理整合。第四,政府部门应进一步树立平等协商意识,改进互联网管控方法,把握好开放与管理、广开言路和维护稳定之间的平衡,多种形式搭建有效的网络共治互动平台。
[Abstract]:The Internet and the media since the rapid development of communications technology, rapidly changing communication and lifestyle among people. The open network environment, provides the sunlight and soil for the public participation in governance; equality of network communication, provides the possibility for the diversification of the main governance participation; cheap network communication, greatly reducing the citizens the cost of direct participation in governance; the expression of opinion on the network, the information will not participate in the course of delivery or loss. There is a deviation from the Internet community, micro-blog, WeChat and other emerging network platform to form a new public discourse space, provides the opportunity for users to participate in the establishment of the agenda, some even can have a direct network public opinion the influence on the administrative affairs and holding public authority administrative personnel. The rise of the Internet public participation, has been in the maintenance of civil rights, restricting the abuse of government power, government decision Play a more and more important role in the development and so on. But the network is also a "double-edged sword". The realization of this vision is to modernize the national governance system, through the system mechanism innovation, to make the national governance system can better adapt to the development of the times. How to deal with the network in good behavior. The communication and interaction between Internet users and government departments, will participate in the network to promote the transformation of achievements to realize the power of modern governance systems and governance capacity, the new challenge in network era brings to the government, need to actively explore innovative research on governance. The introduction part firstly explains the research background, significance and characteristics. At the same time, the present research situation of the public participation and government governance related areas to distinguish between domestic and foreign review, and the related books and papers have been obtained Reviews the theoretical results and empirical results. The research significance, the application of the theory, research focus, research methods, innovation and structure will also be described in the introduction. The first chapter mainly analyzes the network to participate in interactive governance background, analysis of the impact and challenges brought to the governance mode of participation the public network, discusses the governance mode from managerialism to the inevitable trend of participatory governance. The second chapter expounds the elements of network interactive participatory governance, governance of the subject, object, elaborates the content description of the forum virtual community, micro-blog blog, instant communication platform and other major public network as the representative of WeChat in the form of organization, and analyzes the characteristics of organizational structure of public participation in the network. The third chapter analyzes the network interactive participatory governance practice type, according to the public in the network Public participation and interaction effect, the network interactive Participatory Governance Division for information acquisition, expression of willingness, supervision, four types of participation in decision-making management type. And the network interactive participatory governance of reality, from the two aspects of favorable conditions and restricting factors analysis of the prospects and development of network interactive and participatory governance. The fourth chapter first summarizes the traditional administrative system and governance mode is conservative and closed, then analyzes the administrative system and to bring the impact of public participation in the network governance mode, and the administrative system is based on the analysis of the administrative system and administrative system and the public response network interactive mode and specific results. The fifth chapter uses the thought and method of the game theory to analyze and discuss the possible behavior in each subject. The public participation in the network through the establishment of a network of public participation in the game Model, clarify the relationship and interaction between the various elements, and to explore the implementation of participation of harmony and win-win, the optimal strategy of CO governance of public affairs. In the seventh chapter, based on deep thinking, explores the ways to realize network interactive participatory governance, including the shaping of civic awareness, legal protection and supply system, to the organization as a carrier to build positive interaction between citizens and government, to further smooth the network participation channels. The conclusion part is the summary and perspective of the research and prospects for further refining, research question. Enhance the level of governance of the Internet age, we must face the new changes in the information era of governance, external governance mode from the intrinsic idea to conduct a comprehensive governance transformation. First of all, should pay attention to the cultivation of citizen consciousness, shaping the participatory culture, and constantly improve people's democracy and participation consciousness and responsibility Consciousness, the ability to have a strong willingness to assume as a citizen should assume the social responsibility, and not just a manager and passive taker. Secondly, we should further consolidate the legal and institutional basis, in the network of public participation in legislation, substantive law should not only formulate specification for participation, but also to formulate government behavior, procedure protection of Internet users to participate in rights, enhance the operability of the law, and the establishment of the corresponding rights relief system, the procedures to ensure the citizen participation in the operation and orderly; improve government information disclosure system, the network asked the long-term mechanism and expression of political interests the mechanism, transparent governance, normalization and stabilization. Third, give full play to the network NGO organization as the right of expression, citizen's right to know, the right of association and integration of the amplifier and the propeller, overcome network Network discourse space fragmentation phenomenon, promote the integration of social governance. Fourth, government departments should further establish equality consciousness, improving the Internet control method, a good grasp of opening and management, and maintain stable balance between encourage the free airing of views, a variety of forms to build an effective network interactive platform of governance.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D621.5;D669

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