俄罗斯国家安全要素的互动与结构——地缘不安全语境下的循环与延续

发布时间：2018-03-06 23:14

本文选题：俄罗斯地缘政治　切入点：俄罗斯安全政策　出处：《俄罗斯研究》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：开放性与陆权属性形成俄罗斯地缘特征的不安全性。局部扩张和对外制衡,是俄罗斯国家对外目标的两个基本方面。以扩张为防御手段,是俄罗斯解决地缘开放性问题的传统方法。由于俄罗斯处于弱势大国地位,对外制衡成为其维护国际均势、利用均势机制维系国家生存与安全的必要手段。俄罗斯与外部世界处于程度较高的安全竞争之中,需要将大量的国内资源用于对外事务。在要素效率落后、经济资源不足的前提下,要求以集权式的社会(军事)动员体制超经济汲取社会资源,导致用于国内发展的资源受到挤占。加上集权体制对个人自由与创造性的压抑,发展的落后性将长期存在。而发展的落后性及安全环境的竞争性,又导致依赖通过局部扩张维持或扩大国家规模,以弥补经济资源的不足,并扩大防御纵深;通过对外制衡,维持国际均势结构,以维护国家生存与安全;通过集权体制以较高比例汲取社会资源并稳定国内秩序;从而出现安全逻辑结构的循环。地缘不安全与对外目标的稳定性,及其对集权体制的依赖,导致权威主义领导下的集体主义和契合对外扩张的救世主义思想,因仍具现实意义与思维惯性,而得以传承与存续。为了应对地缘不安全而形成的对外目标、动员体制、思想观念,因要素效率落后的传动机制,与发展的落后性形成互为因果、彼此强化的稳态循环,使俄罗斯的安全结构呈现出具有历史继承性的演化特征。
[Abstract]:Openness and land ownership form the insecurity of Russia's geographical characteristics. Partial expansion and external checks and balances are two basic aspects of Russia's external objectives. It is a traditional method for Russia to solve the problem of geographical openness. Because Russia is a weak power, foreign checks and balances have become its maintenance of the international balance of power. Russia is in a high degree of security competition with the outside world and needs to devote a large amount of domestic resources to external affairs. Under the premise of insufficient economic resources, a centralized social (military) mobilization system is required to absorb social resources in a super-economic manner, resulting in the crowding of resources for domestic development... combined with the repression of individual freedom and creativity by a centralized system of power, The backwardness of development will persist for a long time. The backwardness of development and the competitiveness of the security environment lead to reliance on maintaining or expanding the size of the country through partial expansion in order to make up for the inadequacy of economic resources and expand the depth of defence; through external checks and balances, Maintaining the structure of international balance of power in order to maintain the survival and security of States; absorbing social resources in a higher proportion and stabilizing domestic order through a centralized system; thus creating a cycle of logical structures of security, geographical insecurity and stability of external objectives, And its reliance on the totalitarian system, which leads to collectivism under the leadership of authoritarianism and to the idea of the savior that fits in with the expansion of the outside world, because it still has practical significance and inertia of thinking, In order to deal with the external objectives of geographical insecurity, mobilization system, ideology, the transmission mechanism of factor efficiency backwardness, and the backwardness of development form cause and effect, strengthen each other's steady cycle. So that Russia's security structure presents a historical inheritance of the characteristics of evolution.
【作者单位】：吉林大学行政学院;黑龙江省社会科学院政治学研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“同盟在美国重返亚洲战略中的作用及我国应对政策研究”(项目批准号:12BGJ010) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“日美、韩美同盟与东北亚区域合作的关系”(项目批准号:12JJD810025) 吉林大学哲学社会科学研究种子基金项目“‘9·11事件’后美国公共外交研究”(项目批准号:450060522242)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D751.2

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