新时期党和政府改善残疾人民生政策的研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 22:22

本文选题：新时期　切入点：残疾人　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：残疾人问题是不容忽视的社会问题。目前,我国有八千多万残疾人,他们因身体的残障大都需要社会的救助。解决残疾人的民生问题,并让他们公平参与社会的政治、经济、文化生活,从而使残疾人有尊严地生活。它集中体现了社会的公平正义和文明进步,这是执政党和政府义不容辞的责任,也是全社会应尽的义务。如何让残疾人有尊严地生活,如何让残疾人与普通人一起共享改革开放的成果,这是不容忽视的社会问题。因此,加强对残疾人民生政策的研究,制定有针对性和符合中国实际的残疾人民生政策就尤为迫切。中国共产党自执政以来高度重视残疾人民生问题,尤其改革开放以来的新时期针对残疾人制定的民生政策,保证了中国残疾人生存和发展状况的改善。其民生政策汲取了我国传统慈善文化和“扶危济困”的思想精华,继承了马克思主义维护弱势群体利益的思想,也借鉴了国外人道主义和改善民生的理论。中国共产党依据经济发展目标的“三步走战略”,分别制定和实施了救济供养型残疾人民生政策,由温饱向小康型残疾人民生政策,小康型残疾人民生政策。它们体现出了人道主义精神,与经济发展和人民生活水平提高同步,以法律法规做保障,以计划纲要做规划,以残联组织做桥梁的中国特色。其积极作用表现在：首先保障了残疾人的生存权益。一是提高了残疾人的社会地位,二是促进残疾人生存状况有了较大改善,三是推进了社会保障基本覆盖城乡残疾人；其次保障了残疾人的发展权益。一是保证残疾人受教育程度不断提高,二是确保残疾人就业稳定增长,三是促使残疾人生活的社会环境有所改善,四是助推残疾人康复状况有所好转。其不足是：政策制定与实施主体的两重性, 政策“一刀切”缺乏针对性,未能关注城乡残疾人民生发展的不平衡性,一些改善残疾人民生的政策落实效果甚微,政策的执行还缺乏有效监督和问责机制。如何解决上述存在的问题?笔者认为：必须明确残疾人民生政策实施的主体。一是厘清政府的主要职责,二是政策制定与实施的主体必须统一,三是制定鼓励社会公众和社会组织参与公益活动的奖励性政策；政策的制定要更加有针对性。一是政策的制定需要深入调查与充分论证做前提,二是需要针对残疾人群体的差异性制定政策,三是需要针对城乡差别制定更加惠及农村残疾人的民生政策；确保各项残疾人民生政策的贯彻实施。一是落实政策要有布置有检查,二是政策实施的结果要有科学评估,三是政策的实施还要有监督与问责。
[Abstract]:The issue of the disabled is a social problem that cannot be ignored. At present, there are more than 80 million disabled people in our country. Most of them need social assistance because of their physical handicaps. They can solve the livelihood problems of the disabled and allow them to participate equitably in social politics and economy. Cultural life, so that persons with disabilities can live in dignity. It embodies the fairness, justice and progress of civilization in society, which is the unshirkable responsibility of the ruling party and the government, and is also the duty of the whole society. How to enable the disabled to live in dignity, How to let the disabled and ordinary people share the fruits of reform and opening up is a social problem that can not be ignored. Therefore, we should strengthen the research on the livelihood policies of the disabled. It is particularly urgent to formulate a targeted and realistic policy on the livelihood of the disabled. The CPC has attached great importance to the livelihood of the disabled since it took office, especially in the new period since the reform and opening up to the outside world. It has ensured the improvement of the survival and development of the disabled in China. Its livelihood policy has absorbed the essence of our traditional charitable culture and "helping the needy" and inherited the idea of Marxism in safeguarding the interests of vulnerable groups. The Communist Party of China, in accordance with the "three-step strategy" of economic development goals, separately formulated and implemented a livelihood policy for the relief type of disabled people, from food and clothing to a policy on the livelihood of the disabled with little recreation. These policies reflect the spirit of humanitarianism, keep pace with economic development and the improvement of the people's standard of living, provide protection by laws and regulations, and make plans according to the outline of the plan. The active role of the disabled people's Federation as a bridge is as follows: firstly, the survival rights and interests of the disabled have been safeguarded. First, the social status of the disabled has been improved, and the second, the living conditions of the disabled have been greatly improved. Third, social security has basically covered the urban and rural disabled; secondly, the development rights and interests of the disabled have been safeguarded. One is to ensure that the education level of the disabled is constantly improved, and the other is to ensure a steady growth of employment for the disabled. The third is to improve the social environment for the disabled to live in, and the fourth is to promote the rehabilitation of the disabled. Its shortcomings are: the dual nature of the subject of policy formulation and implementation, and the lack of pertinence of the policy "one-size-fits-all". Fail to pay attention to the uneven development of urban and rural disabled people's livelihood, the implementation of some policies to improve the livelihood of persons with disabilities has little effect, the implementation of the policy is still lack of effective monitoring and accountability mechanisms. How to solve the above problems? The author believes that it is necessary to clarify the main body of the policy implementation of the people's livelihood of the disabled. One is to clarify the main responsibilities of the government, and the other is to unify the subject of policy formulation and implementation. Third, it is necessary to formulate incentive policies to encourage the public and social organizations to participate in public welfare activities; the formulation of policies should be more targeted. The second is the need to make policies according to the differences of the disabled groups, and the third is to formulate policies to benefit rural disabled people more in accordance with the differences between urban and rural areas. To ensure the implementation of various policies for the livelihood of the disabled. First, the implementation of the policy should have arrangements and inspections; second, the results of the implementation of the policy should be scientifically evaluated; and third, the implementation of the policy should be monitored and held accountable.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.69;D63

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