北京市城镇老年人再就业问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 00:03

本文选题：城镇　切入点：老年人　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪后,我国人口老龄化发展迅速,北京市相较于其他地区,形势更为严重。人口老龄化是社会发展的必然产物,同时对经济发展也带来了一定的影响,主要表现有:使得老年人口抚养比上升,社会负担加重;给现有的养老制度带来巨大的冲击,随着老年人口数量的增长,会造成养老金支出的不断增加,同时劳动年龄人口数量减少使得养老金的供给下降,使得国家投入增加,这都给养老制度带来压力;人口老龄化使得劳动年龄人口减少,会出现劳动力有效供给不足的现象。在社会发展中,人是最根本的要素,如果出现劳动力供给不足的现象,将会对经济发展带来巨大的消极影响。城镇老年人相较于农村的老年人而言,从事劳动的时间不同,对于农村的老年人并没有退休的观念,在此处主要研究的为城镇老年人口。老年人再就业是实现老有所为的主要手段,也是应对人口老龄化,在一定程度上解决劳动力短缺问题的主要途径。随着人口预期寿命和健康状况的提升,越来越多的老年人希望在退休后还能够通过再就业等方式获得一定的经济收入。现有的退休制度使得他们不得不过早的离开工作岗位。受教育水平越高,人们的工作时间越短,会造成人力资源的极大浪费,不利于解决社会负担过重的问题。老年人在体力等方面不如年轻人,但在经验、知识等方面的优势突出,要充分利用老年人的优势,实现老有所为。而且现有的多数研究表明老年人和年轻人就业之间不存在竞争替代关系,加上老年人有其独特的人力资源和经验资本等,在老龄化的背景下开发老年人资源,促进其就业显得理所当然。本文主要以北京市第六次人口普查的数据为依据,综合运用经济学、管理学、社会学等方面研究现在老年人再就业存在的问题及对策。在考虑老年人再就业的问题时需要注意:哪些老年人较为适合再就业;对老年人再就业应该提供哪些支持;老年人再就业尤其是城镇老年人对社会经济的影响。结合实际,提出促进老年人再就业的对策,应对人口老龄化问题,实现经济的平稳、可持续发展。
[Abstract]:After entering twenty-first Century, the aging population of our country is developing rapidly, the city of Beijing compared to other regions, the situation is more serious. The aging of population is the inevitable result of social development, but also bring a certain impact on the economic development, the main manifestations are: the elderly dependency ratio of population increase, the social burden; huge the impact to the current pension system, with the number of elderly population growth, increasing will cause the pension expenditure, while the number of working age population due to reduced pension supply decreased, the national investment increased, which brings pressure to the pension system; population aging makes the reduction of the working age population, will appear the phenomenon of labor shortage of effective supply in social development, people are the most fundamental elements, if labor supply shortage, will bring huge negative impact on the economic development of the old town. People in rural areas compared to the elderly, engaged in the work of the time is different, and not the idea of retirement for the elderly people who are here mainly on the urban elderly population. The elderly re employment is the main means to achieve worthiness, but also to deal with the aging of the population, the main way to solve the labor shortage problem in a certain extent with the life expectancy and health promotion, more and more elderly people in the hope that after retirement can obtain certain economic income by way of re employment. The existing retirement system so that they had to leave work early. The higher the level of education, people's work time is short, great waste causes of human resources, is not conducive to solving the social burden. The elderly in the physical aspects as well as young people, but in the experience, knowledge and other aspects of the advantages, to Make full use of the advantages of the elderly, to achieve worthiness. And most studies show that there is no alternative to existing competition relationship between the elderly and young people employment, plus the elderly has its unique human resources and capital, develop the elderly resources under the background of aging, promote their employment. This paper is behoove in the sixth census data of Beijing city based on the comprehensive use of economics, management science, sociology and other aspects of the elderly now re employment problems and countermeasures. It should be noted in consideration of the elderlyre employment question: which is more suitable for the elderly and the elderly employment; re employment should offer support; the elderly re employment of urban elderly especially the impact on social economy. In combination with the actual situation, put forward some countermeasures to promote the re employment of the elderly, to deal with the problem of aging population, the realization of economic Stable and sustainable development.

【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

【参考文献】