我国民办养老机构行政监管法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 18:57

本文选题：民办养老机构　切入点：行政法律监管　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和医疗水平的提高,我国的人均寿命也在延长,老年人占总人口的比重增加,对老年人群体的社会扶持也提上日程。我国的社会的老龄化问题正在逐步凸显,对养老问题已经不仅仅是个人或家庭问题,而已经逐渐成为社会需要重视的一个方面。在老年人口的比例逐渐升高,且空巢老人,失能老人的数量不断增多的情况下,社会需要多元化的养老服务机构来适应社会发展和人们的需要,养老机构是近些年来人们逐渐重视起来的未来养老的模式,但我国的传统观念和近些年来对民办养老机构监管的不到位,导致人们对其信赖程度下降,导营利程度不高。我国目前的情况公办养老机构硬件软件设施较好,社会的信任度高,并且有国家的全额经济扶持,收费也较为合理,但分布不广,多处于一二线城市之中,床位资源较为紧张,供不应求。因此为迎合社会需要,许多民办养老机构应运而生,但若政府对其行政监管不到位,易对老年人的人身权益等造成伤害,而有关民办养老机构的行政监管的立法和具体行政行为的监管仍落后与社会发展,对其规制的大多是政策性的文件和纲领,因此,需要系统权威的法律法规对其进行行政监管。养老服务机构有自身的特殊性,兼顾社会功能和道德功能,有一定程度的社会服务性质。为了保障其社会功能的良好运行,不能放任其全部通过市场来调节和普通的行政监管,必须对民办养老机构的设立准入、运营、和终止后的安置等工作进行专项的行政监管,同时要注重养老机构的立法体系的完整度和新鲜度,以促进民办养老服务产业健康有序发展。笔者立足于我国社会现实和养老产业发展状态,建议对民办养老机构的监管采取“宽进严出”的方式进行,采取登记制度。在运营监管方面建议政府提供信息公开平台并根据实地情况制定评估机制和第三方监督机制,同时对其运行时的监管,专业人员资质以及机构关闭之后老人的后续安置问题等进行研究并提出自己的见解和建议。通过分析我国民办养老机构的现状,借鉴国外养老机构的行政监管法律及政策,在行政法律领域探讨解决对策。介绍民办养老机构的概念和法律性质,为全文提供理论铺垫,对比民办养老中非营利的民办养老机构和营利性的民办养老机构,阐明对其进行行政监管的重要性。指出我国民办养老机构行政监管现状及存在的问题,包括准入、养老机构的资金运转及相关立法和运营监管。介绍了国外对于养老机构相关的法律及规定对比我国在各个方面的短板,思考我国的民办养老机构行政监管和法律规定,总结从中得到的启示,对我国民办老机构行政监管的法律问题提出几点建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of medical treatment level, the average life expectancy of our country is also increasing, the proportion of the elderly in the total population is increasing, and the social support to the elderly group is also on the agenda. The problem of old-age support is not only a personal or family problem, but has gradually become an important aspect of society. When the proportion of the elderly population increases gradually, and the number of empty-nest elderly and disabled elderly increases, The society needs a variety of pension service institutions to meet the needs of social development and people. Pension institutions are the future pension model that people have gradually attached importance to in recent years. However, the traditional concept of our country and the lack of supervision of the private pension institutions in recent years have led to a decline in the degree of trust and a low degree of profit in the private pension institutions. The present situation in our country is relatively good in the hardware and software facilities of the public pension institutions. Social trust is high, and with the full economic support of the state, fees are more reasonable, but the distribution is not wide, most of them are in the first and second tier cities, the bed resources are relatively tight and the supply is short of supply. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the society, Many private pension institutions have emerged as the times require, but if the government does not have proper administrative supervision over them, it will easily harm the personal rights and interests of the elderly. However, the legislation on administrative supervision of private pension institutions and the supervision of specific administrative acts are still lagging behind and social development. Most of the regulations are policy documents and programs, so, It needs systematic and authoritative laws and regulations to supervise its administration. Pension service institutions have their own particularity, both social and moral functions, a certain degree of social service nature. In order to ensure the good operation of their social functions, They cannot be allowed to regulate all of them through the market and ordinary administrative supervision. They must exercise special administrative supervision over the establishment, admission, operation, and placement after termination of private pension institutions. At the same time, we should pay attention to the completeness and freshness of the legislative system of pension institutions in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the private pension service industry. It is suggested that the supervision of private pension institutions should be carried out in a "broad-entry and strict out" manner, and that a registration system should be adopted. In terms of operational supervision, the government should provide a platform for the disclosure of information and establish evaluation mechanisms and third-party supervision mechanisms according to the situation on the ground. At the same time, it studies the supervision of its running time, the qualification of professional personnel and the problems of the follow-up placement of the elderly after the closure of the institution, and puts forward its own opinions and suggestions. By analyzing the present situation of the private pension institutions in our country, Drawing lessons from the administrative supervision laws and policies of foreign pension institutions, this paper discusses the countermeasures in the field of administrative law, introduces the concept and legal nature of private pension institutions, and provides a theoretical basis for the full text. By comparing the non-profit-making private pension institutions with the profit-making private pension institutions, this paper expounds the importance of the administrative supervision of the private pension institutions, and points out the present situation and existing problems of the private pension institutions in China, including access. The capital operation and related legislation and operation supervision of pension institutions. This paper introduces the foreign laws and regulations related to pension institutions compared with the shortcomings of our country in various aspects, and thinks about the administrative supervision and legal provisions of private pension institutions in China. This paper summarizes the enlightenment and puts forward some suggestions on the legal problems of the administrative supervision of the old private institutions in our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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