未成年人毒品再犯问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 17:58

本文选题：毒品再犯　切入点：未成年人　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：烟不禁绝,国日贫,十余年后,岂惟无可筹之饷,抑且无可用之兵。面对鸦片泛滥,国民体质赢弱,统治机构被腐蚀的状况,1838年道光帝宣布全国禁烟,1839年开展了著名的虎门销烟,拉开了中国近现代与毒品斗争的序幕。建国以后,由于国内外贸易的日益活跃,全球毒品问题抬头,毒品卷土重来,成为当前严重的社会问题。当前吸毒者人数不断攀升,青少年所占比例不断提高,未成年人吸毒、涉毒问题日益突出。中华民族是饱受毒品荼毒的民族,毒品问题在我国抬头时起,政府陆续通过修订《刑法》、颁布各项《决定》,以及2007年颁布并实施的《禁毒法》完善毒品立法体系。各项立法不断完善,其中一以贯之的是对毒品从严打击、严惩不贷的毒品犯罪刑事政策。由于毒品犯罪再犯率高,97刑法规定了毒品再犯制度,对再次触犯毒品犯罪的犯罪分子从严打击。而毒品再犯制度并未明确规定未成年人能否构成毒品再犯主体,随着未成年人涉毒案件不断增加,未成年人能否构成毒品再犯引发了理论和司法实务界的争议。本文旨在通过对未成年人毒品犯罪特点的剖析,通过刑法体系性解释、目的性解释,立足少年司法理念、犯罪预防理论、刑事政策,从法律解释和立法精神两个方面对该问题展开论述,阐述未成年人不能适用毒品再犯制度的理由。本文共三部分。第一部分概述未成年人适用毒品再犯制度的相关问题。首先概述提出未成年人适用毒品再犯制度这一理论和实践中迫切存在的问题,介绍毒品再犯制度适用的现实需要以及未成年人毒品犯罪的现状,对未成年人应否适用毒品再犯制度的不同观点进行归纳总结,厘清未成年人适用毒品再犯制度问题中的争议焦点以及学者观点,并提出未成年人不应构成毒品再犯制度的观点。第二部分从法律解释的角度展开论述。从刑法体系性解释的角度出发,对未成年人适用毒品再犯制度,必将造成毒品再犯与累犯制度的不协调,造成刑罚失衡,有违罪责刑相适应原则。同时,刑法规定的未成年人免除前科报告义务以及刑事诉讼法中规定的未成年人犯罪记录封存制度,也都与未成年人适用毒品再犯制度不协调,不符合刑法的目的性解释和体系性解释。第三部分从立法精神角度出发,论证未成年人不应构成毒品再犯。论述分为三个部分:第一,基于少年刑法理念的分析。实质少年刑法要求个别化待遇,对未成年人适用毒品再犯制度并不符合儿童利益最大原则,是对少年刑法理念的机械解读。第二,基于犯罪预防效果的分析。立足未成年人毒品犯罪成因、特点以及未成年人自身的特殊生理、心理状态,探讨适用毒品再犯制度并不能达到预防犯罪、挽救未成年人的刑罚目的。第三,基于刑事政策的分析。对未成年人采取宽大立场是国际社会的共识,联合国大会通过了多个规则对未成年人的各项权利进行了保护,我国对未成年人秉持的也是教育为主、惩罚为辅的方针。对未成年人适用毒品再犯制度是对未成年人犯罪刑事政策的违背。
[Abstract]:Smoking ban, China is poor, after more than ten years, it only can raise the rates, moreover no combat troops. The face of opium, the national governing body body weak, corrosion of the situation, in 1838 Emperor Daoguang declared a national ban on smoking in 1839 to carry out the famous Humen beach, opened the prelude to the modern and Chinese the war on drugs. After the founding of the PRC, due to domestic and foreign trade has become increasingly active, the rise of the global drug problem drug comeback, become a serious social problem. The number of drug addicts is rising, the proportion of young people continue to improve, abuse of minors, drug-related problems have become increasingly prominent. The Chinese nation is a nation suffering from drugs, drug problem in our country, when the rise, the government has approved amendments to criminal law promulgated the < >, < > > and the drug law decision, 2007 promulgated and implemented the "perfect drug legislation system. The legislation is not perfected, one of the cross It is strictly crack down on drugs, criminal policy of drug crime punished. Due to drug-related crime recidivism rate is high, 97 of the provisions of the criminal law on drug recidivism system, strictly crack down criminals again violate drug-related crimes. But drugs again did not specify system of minors can not constitute the main drugs again, with minor drug-related cases increased, minors can constitute the drugs again sparked controversy in theory and practice. This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of minor drug-related crimes, the criminal law system interpretation, purpose interpretation, based on the concept of juvenile justice, the theory of crime prevention, criminal policy, from two aspects of legal interpretation and legislative spirit to discuss the this problem cannot be applied to juvenile drug recidivism system reasons. This thesis consists of three parts. The first part is an overview of minors for drug again The related problems of crime system. Firstly, put forward the urgent existence of juvenile drug recidivism system of the theoretical and practical problems, the practical needs for drug recidivism system and the status quo of minor drug-related crimes, different views on minors should apply drugs again system are summarized, clarify the focus of controversy for minors drug recidivism in the system and the views of scholars, and put forward the minors should not constitute a drug recidivism system point of view. The second part from the perspective of legal interpretation is discussed. Starting from the system of criminal law interpretation, applied to minors drug recidivism system, will cause drug recidivism and recidivism system is not harmonious, caused by the imbalance of punishment, contrary to the principle of suiting punishment. At the same time, the provisions of the criminal law of minors from criminal record reporting obligations and Criminal Procedure Law The provisions of the minor criminal record storage system, also with juvenile drug recidivism system is not coordinated, do not conform to the interpretation and the interpretation of criminal law system. The third part embarks from the perspective of the spirit of the legislation, that minors should not constitute drugs again. This paper is divided into three parts: first, analysis of the concept of juvenile criminal law based on the essence of juvenile criminal law does not meet the requirements of individual treatment, the principle of children's interests of minors for drug recidivism system, is a mechanical interpretation of the concept of juvenile criminal law. Second, based on the analysis of crime prevention effect. Based on the minor drug-related crime causes, characteristics and minors special physiological, psychological state of their own, to explore the application of drugs make the system and can not achieve the prevention of crime, save a minor penalty. Third, based on the analysis of the criminal policy of minors leniently. The position is the consensus of the international community, the United Nations General Assembly by the rights of minors more rules of protection of minors in our country, but also uphold the education, supplemented by punishment policy. On juvenile drug recidivism system is a violation of the criminal policy of juvenile crimes.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3;D669.5

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