苏格兰地区地方自治分析

发布时间：2018-03-23 10:25

本文选题：地方自治　切入点：苏格兰　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国是第一个民族主义国家,苏格兰自与英格兰等地区合并为不列颠帝国以来,其法律传统、宗教信仰、警察制度、教育制度、财政制度以及1999年重新设立的议会制度都区别于英国其他地区,保持着高度的自治。虽然2014年9月的苏格兰独立公投将苏格兰地区自治又一次推上风口浪尖,许多学者认为苏格兰地区自治的后果是将会使英国再一次延续苏格兰与英格兰在历史上的分庭抗礼,但是更多人认为苏格兰的独立公投是政客利用民族情感所做的政治游戏,英、苏的合并是苏格兰与英格兰的贵族、教会、议会等共同妥协的结果,苏格兰地区自治使苏格兰获得快速发展,是苏格兰与英格兰的双赢。本文力图对苏格兰地区自治的历史与制度做出梳理,将按照以下几部分来行文:第一部分,着力对苏格兰与英格兰的历史关系做简单梳理,阐明苏格兰地区自治问题的由来。本部分将苏、英之间的历史分为三个阶段,分别是苏格兰与英格兰分庭抗礼阶段、王位联合阶段以及王国合并阶段。每一个阶段,都可以从中发现苏格兰地区自治传统的影子。第二部分,着力对苏格兰地区自治制度的制度设计做简要阐述。在这一部分主要选取了苏格兰的议会制度、政府制度、司法审判制度、警察制度、教育制度以及作为显著代表,来阐述苏格兰地区与英格兰等地区的差异,来彰显苏格兰地区地方自治的张力。第三部分,分析影响苏格兰地区地方自治的影响因素。这一部分分为内部影响与外部影响两大因素来行文,在第二部分制度设计的基础上,对苏格兰地方自治背后的影响因素做深层次的分析,具体包括苏格兰宗教的影响、苏格兰法律传统的影响、英国包容的民族性格以及英国妥协宽容的宪政环境等。第四部分,着力写苏格兰地方自治有益于中国法治建设的启示。我们国家在历史上具有地方自主治理的传统,比如乡老、士绅对于地方的治理;我们在现阶段也有相应的制度设计,比如民族区域自治制度、居民自治制度、村民自治制度。这些制度设计是使我们国家的法治建设取得今天的进步的重要部分,但是我们的法治建设发展还远不够发达。而对于苏格兰地区从古至今、从制度到精神的自治的梳理,希望能够做出一点对于我国法治建设的启示。
[Abstract]:Britain is the first nationalistic country, Scotland has merged with England and other regions into the British Empire, its legal tradition, religious beliefs, the police system, the education system, The fiscal system and the parliamentary system re-established in 1999 are distinguished from the rest of the UK and maintain a high degree of autonomy, although the September 2014 referendum on Scottish independence once again brought Scottish autonomy to the forefront. Many scholars believe that the consequence of Scottish autonomy is that it will once again extend Scotland's historical rivalry with England, but more see the Scottish independence referendum as a political game played by politicians using national sentiments. The merger of England and the Soviet Union was the result of a common compromise between Scotland and England's aristocrats, churches, parliaments, etc. It is a win-win situation between Scotland and England. This paper tries to sort out the history and system of Scottish autonomy, which is based on the following parts: the first part focuses on the historical relationship between Scotland and England. This part divides the history of the Soviet Union and Britain into three stages: Scotland and England are divided into two stages: Scotland and England are divided into two stages: Scotland and England are divided into two stages, one is the union of the throne and the other is the merger of the kingdoms, each of which is divided into three stages. We can find the shadow of the tradition of autonomy in Scotland. The second part focuses on the design of the system of autonomy in Scotland. In this part, we mainly choose the parliamentary system and the system of government in Scotland. The judicial system, the police system, the education system and, as significant representatives, to illustrate the differences between Scotland and England and to highlight the tension of local self-government in Scotland. This part is divided into two major factors: internal influence and external influence. On the basis of the second part of the system design, A deep analysis of the factors behind local self-government in Scotland, including the influence of Scottish religion, the influence of Scottish legal tradition, the inclusive national character of Britain and the constitutional environment of British compromise and tolerance, etc. Focus on the enlightenment that Scottish local autonomy is beneficial to the construction of the rule of law in China. Our country has a tradition of local autonomous governance in history, such as local elders and gentry's governance of localities. At this stage, we also have corresponding system designs. For example, the ethnic regional autonomy system, the resident autonomy system, and the villagers autonomy system. These systems are an important part of the progress that our country has made in the construction of the rule of law today. But the development of our rule of law construction is far from developed, and for Scotland from ancient times to the present, from the system to the spirit of autonomy, I hope to make a little enlightenment to the construction of our country's rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D756.1

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