国家之敌:1918年的反对中日军事结盟运动

发布时间：2018-03-27 08:17

本文选题：冯国璋　切入点：段祺瑞　出处：《南京社会科学》2017年05期

【摘要】：1918年春,皖系军阀首领段祺瑞第三次出任国务总理,随之与总统冯国璋发生冲突,引发新的"府院之争"。在外交上,段祺瑞政府奉行亲日政策,与日本进行秘密的军事结盟活动。段祺瑞的亲日政策旨在巩固皖系军阀的势力,却有损于中国的国家利益。冯国璋担心皖系的强大会削弱直系的力量,故而他将段祺瑞政府正在进行的中日军事结盟秘密谈判"泄露"出去,立即引发学生界领导的反日运动。此次反日运动表明,学生界已经充分意识到日本是中国的"国家之敌"。而段祺瑞政府则继续奉行亲日政策,与学生界的反日立场针锋相对。此次反日运动虽然昙花一现,却为1919年爆发的"五四"运动在思想、组织和舆论上进行了良好的预备,堪称五四运动的前奏。
[Abstract]:In the spring of 1918, Duan Qirui, the head of the Anhui warlord, was appointed premier for the third time, and then came into conflict with President Feng Guozhang, which led to a new "war between the government and the house." in foreign affairs, the Duan Qirui government pursued a pro-Japanese policy. A secret military alliance with Japan. Duan Qirui's pro-Japanese policy is aimed at consolidating the power of the warlords of the Anhui line, but it does harm to China's national interests. Feng Guozhang is worried that the strength of the Anhui line will weaken the strength of the straight line. As a result, he "leaked" the secret Sino-Japanese military alliance talks under way by Duan Qirui's government, which immediately triggered an anti-Japanese movement led by the student community. This anti-Japanese campaign shows that. The student community has fully realized that Japan is China's "enemy of the country." while the Duan Qirui government has continued to pursue a pro-Japan policy and is fighting tit-for-tat with the anti-Japanese stance of the student community. Although this anti-Japanese movement was a flash in the pan, However, the May 4th Movement, which broke out in 1919, was well prepared in ideology, organization and public opinion, and it was a prelude to the May 4th Movement.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“五四时期的反日运动研究”(13CZS026)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D829.313

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