俄罗斯“母亲基金”的实施成效及瓶颈问题探析

发布时间：2018-03-30 05:07

本文选题：俄罗斯人口危机　切入点：俄罗斯“母亲基金”　出处：《俄罗斯研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,俄罗斯经历了一场严重的人口危机,人口总量持续减少,人口出生率大幅下降,死亡率居高不下,连续多年出现人口负增长,人口发展潜力不断削弱。日益严峻的人口问题不断威胁着俄罗斯的国家发展和民族命运,引起了俄国内上下的高度关注。为提高俄居民生育率,俄罗斯联邦政府从2007年起为生育或收养第二个及以上孩子的家庭设立了"母亲基金"。总体而言,"母亲基金"实施的成效明显,但在实施过程中同样暴露出一些瓶颈问题。主要体现在使用效率不高、各地区实施成效差异明显以及资金来源紧张等方面。从长远来看,俄罗斯国内人口形势依然严峻,居民生育率远未达到人口再生所需的水平。因此,"母亲基金"作为一项直接刺激居民生育意愿的物质激励措施,俄政府可能仍有必要继续保留并进一步完善。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, Russia has experienced a serious population crisis. The total population has continued to decrease, the birth rate has dropped substantially, the mortality rate has remained high, and there has been a negative population growth for many years in a row. The potential of population development has been continuously weakened. The increasingly serious population problem is constantly threatening Russia's national development and the fate of the nation, which has aroused great concern in Russia. In order to increase the Russian population's fertility rate, Since 2007, the Government of the Russian Federation has established a "mothers' fund" for families bearing or adopting a second or more child. Overall, the implementation of the "mothers' fund" has been very effective. However, during the implementation process, some bottlenecks were also exposed. They mainly reflected in the low efficiency of use, the obvious differences in the implementation effectiveness among different regions, and the shortage of funds. In the long run, the domestic population situation in Russia is still grim. The fertility rate of the population is far from the level required for population regeneration. Therefore, as a direct incentive to stimulate residents' desire to have children, the Russian government may still need to keep it and further improve it.
【作者单位】：北京外国语大学俄语学院;
【分类号】：D751.2

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