多中心治理视角下社区居家养老服务供给研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 09:14

本文选题：老龄化　切入点：社区居家养老　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由老龄化增速加快引发的一系列养老问题已成为全球亟待解决的难题。我国的养老服务供给问题有着其独特性：伴随老龄化而来的少子化、空巢化和未富先老不断加重养老负担；经济社会的发展使老年人的养老需求日益多样化和多层次,传统的家庭养老和机构养老已无法满足老年人的养老需求；传统文化对我国养老模式的影响根深蒂固,选择社区居家养老的老年人比重约为老龄总人口的95%。在此背景下,养老模式的变革成为大势所趋,社区居家养老成为现实选择。在世界各国纷纷进行新的养老模式探索的同时,我国也顺应包容性发展的要求,理性选择社区居家养老作为重点推进的养老模式。社区居家养老将社区养老与居家养老完美结合,将社会化养老方式与在家养老形式糅合在一起,既引入了社会力量提供养老服务,也不割断家庭对老年人的支持作用,依托社区为平台组建服务网络,采用综合化的服务方式,为老年人提供优质高效的养老服务。我国的社区居家养老服务发展缓慢的主要原因在于“单中心”的服务供给模式和合作机制的缺失。尽管意识到多元主体参与社区居家养老服务供给的重要性,但由于市场和社会服务供给能力弱以及缺乏对政府、市场、社会的角色界定和职责区分,造成目前社区居家养老服务供给存在巨大的供需矛盾。养老服务供给主体和供给方式的选择对社区居家养老服务的质量和效率的影响是直观且巨大的。本文基于多中心治理理论,结合我国社区居家养老服务的供需现状及问题,对国内一些城市和部分西方国家的养老服务供给模式进行探索,提出构建多中心社区居家养老服务供给模式。将政府、市场与社会在养老服务供给中所扮演的角色和发挥的作用进行重新界定,形成政府—市场—社会相互分工协作的三维供给体系。构建以政府为主导的第一中心,发挥政府的宏观引导和兜底保障作用；构建以市场为支撑的第二中心,充分发挥竞争机制,依靠市场提供营利性养老服务为中高收入老年人提供多样化的养老服务；构建以社会为辅助的第三中心,面向中低收入老年人提供非营利性养老服务。充分发挥社区的资源整合能力、构建合作平台,将政府、市场、社会共同纳入养老服务供给网络中,为老年人提供多层次多领域多样化的养老服务,妥善解决养老问题,让老年人安享晚年。
[Abstract]:A series of pension problems caused by the accelerated growth of aging have become a global problem to be solved urgently. China's pension service supply has its unique characteristics: with the aging of minority children, With the development of economy and society, the demand for the aged is becoming more and more diversified and multi-level, and the traditional family and institutional old-age support can not meet the needs of the elderly. The traditional culture has a deep-rooted influence on the old-age model in our country. The proportion of the elderly who choose the community home to provide for the aged is about 95% of the total aged population. Under this background, the reform of the old-age model becomes the trend of the times. Community home pension has become a realistic choice. While countries all over the world are exploring new pension models, our country also complies with the requirements of inclusive development. The rational choice of community home old-age care as the key to promote the old-age model. The community home old-age care will be the perfect combination of community pension and home old-age care, the way of socialized old-age care and the form of old-age care at home will be mixed together, It not only introduces social forces to provide old-age care services, but also does not cut off the support role of families to the elderly, relying on the community as the platform to set up a service network, and adopting a comprehensive service mode. The main reason for the slow development of the community home pension service in China lies in the lack of a "single center" service supply model and cooperation mechanism. The importance of the provision of community home-based old-age care services, However, due to the weak supply capacity of market and social services and the lack of definition of roles and responsibilities of government, market and society, At present, there is a huge contradiction between supply and demand of community home pension service supply. The influence of the main body and mode of providing for the aged service on the quality and efficiency of the community home pension service is intuitionistic and enormous. Polycentric governance theory, Combined with the current situation and problems of the supply and demand of the community home pension service in our country, this paper probes into the supply mode of the pension service in some cities and some western countries, and puts forward the construction of the multi-center community home pension service supply mode. The role and role of market and society in the supply of old-age services are redefined to form a three-dimensional supply system in which the government, market and society cooperate in the division of labor, and construct the first center dominated by the government. Give full play to the role of the government's macro guidance and bottom protection, construct the second center supported by the market, give full play to the competitive mechanism, rely on the market to provide profit-making pension services to provide diversified old-age services for the elderly with middle and high income; Construct the third center, which is supported by the society, and provide non-profit pension service to the middle and low income elderly, give full play to the community's ability of resource integration, construct the cooperation platform, and bring the government and the market into full play. The society is brought into the network of providing old-age service together to provide multi-level and multi-domain multi-level and diversified old-age service, to properly solve the problem of old-age support, and to make the elderly enjoy their old age safely.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.3;D669.6

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