超越问责:中美应急管理结构比较研究——基于天津港与德州大爆炸分析

发布时间：2018-04-04 10:14

本文选题：危化品爆炸　切入点：应急管理　出处：《中国软科学》2017年10期

【摘要】：在许多国家,重大化工爆炸事故往往暴露了许多问题,从而成为倒逼政府进行应急管理改革的契机。从"灾害—冲击"维度,中美两国在结构固化、认识结构和舆论制度有趋同之处;从"回应—救援"维度,两国在行动响应、救援失误、流程结构和应急方式具有趋同现象。为了从"表面问责"向"结构反思"、从"应急危机"向"变革契机"转变,需要在问责机制、信息发布制度、危化品应急预案制度、跨部门整体治理、应急行政框架、危化品动态数据库和危化品应急技能培训等方面进行结构性变革,从而克服制度结构、行动结构、认知结构和信息结构等应急"结构固化"局限,最终从"系统思维"层面上促进我国从第一代分灾害应急管理体系、第二代国家应急管理体系向第三代应急风险治理体系的转变。
[Abstract]:In many countries, major chemical explosion accidents often exposed a lot of problems, thus becoming the opportunity to force the government to carry out emergency management reform.From the dimension of "disaster and impact", China and the United States are solidified in structure, understanding structure and public opinion system converge; from "response-rescue" dimension, the two countries are in action response, rescue failure, process structure and emergency mode have convergence phenomenon.In order to change from "superficial accountability" to "structural reflection" and from "emergency crisis" to "opportunity for change", we need accountability mechanisms, information release system, emergency plan system for dangerous chemicals, inter-departmental governance, emergency administrative framework.In order to overcome the limitations of institutional structure, action structure, cognitive structure and information structure, the dynamic database of hazardous chemicals and the training of emergency response skills of hazardous chemicals have been carried out in order to overcome the limitations of emergency "structural solidification", such as institutional structure, action structure, cognitive structure and information structure.Finally, it promotes the transformation from the first generation of emergency management system and the second generation of national emergency management system to the third generation emergency risk management system from the level of "system thinking".
【作者单位】：广州大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：2015年广州市教育科学十二五规划面上重点课题“特大城市应对突发性灾害的社区教育研究”(1201522893)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D63;D771.2

【相似文献】