美国约翰逊政府对墨西哥外交政策的应对

发布时间：2018-04-09 03:30

本文选题：美国　切入点：约翰逊政府　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战后,美国为了争夺全球利益,与苏联进行了长达半个世纪的冷战,包括墨西哥在内的拉丁美洲国家也逐渐被卷入冷战的漩涡。古巴革命的成功更是大大改变了拉美地区的局势。美国一贯将拉美视为"后院",力图通过政治、经济、军事等手段左右该地区的局势发展,而墨西哥长期奉行"自决"和"不干涉"的外交原则,必然会与美国咄咄逼人的对外战略产生分歧。约翰逊时期,美国的对外政策遭到墨西哥的公开反对,主要有两次,一次发生在1964年美洲国家组织制裁古巴时,另一次发生在1965年武装干涉多米尼加时。有趣的是,这并未对两国的关系造成严重的损害。事实上,约翰逊上任之初,两国领导人既已达成了不成文的默契:在一些"较小的事务"上,美国可以容忍墨西哥的独立自主,但在"根本性的事务"上,墨西哥应当支持美国。此后,约翰逊政府对两国对外政策分歧的应对方式基本上符合了这一精神。本文以美国的解密档案为主要依据,考察了约翰逊政府对此采取较为容忍的态度的原因。本文由以下部分组成:绪论部分介绍本文的主题、研究意义、材料来源和国内外研究现状。正文第一部分,概述美国对墨政策的历史发展,尤其是冷战开始后美国对两国外交分歧的认识与对策。正文第二部分是本文的主体,首先讲述了约翰逊政府与墨西哥初步达成了默契,接受了墨西哥在根本立场与美国一致的前提下实施独立的外交政策,接着回顾了约翰逊政府对两国对外政策的两次重要分歧所采取的对策,最后讲述了两国在应对共产主义和古巴等问题上的合作。正文第三部分总结了约翰逊政府对墨西哥某些独立的外交政策采取容忍态度的原因。最后是结语部分。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the United States fought for global interests with the Soviet Union for half a century of cold war, including Mexico and other Latin American countries are gradually involved in the cold war whirlpool.The success of the Cuban revolution has greatly changed the situation in Latin America.The United States has always regarded Latin America as a "backyard" and has tried to influence the development of the situation in the region through political, economic and military means, while Mexico has long adhered to the diplomatic principles of "self-determination" and "non-interference".There is bound to be disagreement with America's aggressive foreign strategy.In Johnson's time, the foreign policy of the United States met with public opposition from Mexico, mainly on two occasions, one when the Organization of American States (OAS) sanctioned Cuba in 1964, and the other when the armed intervention in the Dominican Republic occurred in 1965.Interestingly, this has not done serious damage to relations between the two countries.In fact, at the beginning of Johnson's presidency, the leaders of the two countries had reached an unwritten tacit understanding: the United States could tolerate Mexico's independence on "smaller matters," but on "fundamental matters,"Mexico should support the United States.Since then, the Johnson administration's response to differences in foreign policy between the two countries has largely been in line with this spirit.Based on the declassified archives of the United States, this paper examines the reasons for the Johnson Administration's tolerant attitude towards this issue.This paper is composed of the following parts: the introduction part introduces the theme, significance, material sources and current research situation at home and abroad.The first part of the text summarizes the historical development of the United States' policy towards Mexico, especially the understanding and countermeasures of the diplomatic differences between the two countries after the beginning of the Cold War.The second part of the text is the main body of this paper, first of all, the Johnson administration and Mexico reached a tacit understanding, accepted Mexico in the fundamental position and the United States under the premise of the implementation of independent foreign policy,Then it reviews the countermeasures taken by the Johnson administration on the two major differences in the foreign policy of the two countries, and finally describes the cooperation between the two countries in dealing with issues such as communism and Cuba.The third part summarizes the reasons for Johnson's tolerance of Mexico's independent foreign policy.The last part is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2;D873.1

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