试论英国伊丽莎白一世的“联姻外交”

发布时间：2018-04-12 15:13

本文选题：英国 + 伊丽莎白一世　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伊丽莎白女王(1558-1603在位)是一个杰出的君主,作为英国都铎王朝的最后一位君主,她的统治时期被称为英国历史上的"黄金时代"。伊丽莎白一世即位之初,国内政治、经济、宗教百废待兴,国外西班牙、法国虎视眈眈,为改善英国的危险境地,女王利用未婚女性的特殊身份,树立了独特的处女女王的公众形象,并凭借这个形象与欧洲国家开展"联姻外交"。本文通过具体分析"联姻外交"的定义、原因、过程,来阐述"联姻外交"在英国特殊时期发挥的重要作用。"联姻外交"涉及的对象有西班牙、法国、奥地利、瑞典、丹麦等国家,在不同时期主要表现为制衡法国的"联姻外交"和制衡西班牙的"联姻外交",其主要目的是维持欧洲大陆强国之间的均势。女王"联姻外交"谈判持续了 21年,但并未和其中任何一个"联姻外交"的对象产生真正的婚姻关系,因为女王只是以"联姻外交"为外交策略解决自己面临的国内国际问题。综上所述,女王的"联姻外交"有其历史必然性。结合当时的中世纪背景,加上女王受家庭背景、人文教育影响萌生的独身主义倾向,"联姻外交"应运而生。事实证明,女王利用"联姻外交"作为外交战略,其作用是显著的。为英国休养生息提供了良好的国际环境,重商主义获得发展,农业、手工业、商业均取得长足发展,赢得了国内民众支持,巩固了自己的统治;确立了温和的宗教政策,并未引起新教与天主教之间宗教冲突;实现了当时的外交政策总目标:维持了西欧均势,为英国"黄金时代"的到来创造了有利条件。
[Abstract]:Queen Elizabeth 1558-1603 is an outstanding monarch. As the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty, her reign was called the "golden age" in British history.At the beginning of Elizabeth I's reign, domestic politics, economy and religion were in ruins. Spain and France abroad were eyeing covetously. In order to improve the dangerous situation in Britain, the Queen took advantage of the special status of unmarried women.Established a unique public image of the Virgin Queen, and with this image of European countries to carry out a "marriage diplomacy."Through the analysis of the definition, reason and process of "marriage diplomacy", this paper expounds the important role of "marriage diplomacy" in the special period of England.Marriage diplomacy involves countries such as Spain, France, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, etc.In different periods, it is mainly manifested as "marriage diplomacy" of France and "alliance diplomacy" of Spain, the main purpose of which is to maintain the balance of power among the great powers of the continent of Europe.The Queen's "marriage diplomacy" negotiations lasted 21 years, but they did not create a true marriage relationship with any of them.Because the Queen's diplomatic strategy is to solve her own domestic and international problems.To sum up, the Queen's "marriage diplomacy" has its historical inevitability.Combined with the medieval background and the monarch's celibacy influenced by humanistic education, marriage diplomacy came into being.It turns out that the Queen's role in using marriage diplomacy as a diplomatic strategy is remarkable.It provided a good international environment for British recuperation, the development of mercantilism, the rapid development of agriculture, handicraft and commerce, the support of the domestic people, the consolidation of their own rule, and the establishment of a moderate religious policy.It did not cause religious conflict between Protestantism and Catholicism; it achieved the general goal of foreign policy at that time: maintaining the balance of power in Western Europe and creating favorable conditions for the arrival of Britain's "golden age".
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D856.1

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