中国特色养老制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 02:29

本文选题：养老 + 制度　；参考：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：老吾老以及人之老,养老始终贯穿于人类社会的始终。新中国成立以前,养老主要以家庭养老、土地养老等家庭内部成员代际间交换的形式呈现,并受到传统伦理道德规范的制约。新中国成立后,尤其在1978年实行改革开放以后,社会主义市场经济逐步建立、发展,我国的人口问题受到前所未有的挑战,尤其在人口结构上,“老龄化”成为焦点。与此同时,社会转型也带来诸多变化:计划生育带来了家庭结构小型化,城镇化发展造成的城乡之间、区域之间劳动力的流动,人们思想观念的变化等,种种因素使传统的家庭养老功能正逐步走向衰退,使其无法应对正在加剧的老龄化趋势。随着社会的转型而带来的经济、政治、文化的变化使得本属于个人或家庭层面的养老成为全社会必须面对的问题。因此,必须将养老问题的解决从自然习俗上升到制度层面。建立符合中国国情并适应社会发展的养老制度,有利于促进社会经济发展以及维护社会和谐稳定。反之,则会阻碍经济发展,影响社会主义社会稳定与可持续发展。在我国目前的养老制度中,存在诸多问题:社会养老保险制度发展平衡,家庭养老功能弱化,社会化养老机制尚待完善,国家关于社会养老政策与社会养老法律制度的建设总体发展水平仍然比较缓慢等。在以人为本、构建社会主义和谐社会、促进社会可持续发展的大背景下,准确定位养老制度的内涵,梳理养老制度的发展历程,分析我国养老制度的现状,在借鉴国外养老制度的基础上,立足我国现实国情有针对性提出构建中国特色养老制度,无疑将对解决我国养老问题有所帮助,大有裨益。为此,本文的全部内容大体分为五个部分:第一部分主要阐述了养老制度、中国特色养老制度的概念与内容及相关理论基础。对马克思主义社会养老保障理论、西方社会养老保障理论进行阐述、梳理与归纳总结。并指出建立健全中国特色养老制度具有重要意义。第二部分主要回顾了我国养老制度的发展历程。分别从养老保险制度、养老法制化、养老政策等正式制度层面以及家庭养老等非正式制度层面对养老制度的变迁过程进行深入分析,以了解养老制度的纵向发展。第三部分主要针对我国目前养老制度的现状、存在的问题及问题产生的原因进行分析,从经济、法制、文化等方面深入分析养老保险制度不健全、养老政策不完善、老年人权益得不到保障等现存问题产生的原因。第四部分分析了发达国家中具有代表性的养老制度模式,以期在分析中找到推进我国养老制度走向完善的启示。第五部分针对建立中国特色养老制度提出了若干建议。从改革养老保险制度、提高养老法制化水平、完善社会养老政策、树立正确养老价值观念四个方面分别提出对策,从而对更好的解决养老问题有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Old age and old people, pension has always run through the human society from beginning to end.Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, the old-age support was mainly in the form of intergenerational exchange of family members, such as family pension, land pension and so on, and was restricted by the traditional ethical norms.After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up in 1978, the socialist market economy was gradually established and developed. The population problem of our country was confronted with unprecedented challenges, especially in the population structure, "aging" became the focus.At the same time, social transformation has brought many changes: family planning has brought about the miniaturization of the family structure, the development of urbanization between urban and rural areas, the movement of labor between regions, the change of people's ideas, etc.Various factors make the traditional family pension function gradually decline, making it unable to cope with the increasing trend of aging.With the change of economy, politics and culture brought about by the transformation of society, it is necessary for the whole society to face the problem of providing for the aged at the level of individual or family.Therefore, it is necessary to solve the pension problem from natural customs to institutional level.The establishment of a pension system suitable for China's national conditions and social development is conducive to the promotion of social and economic development and the maintenance of social harmony and stability.Conversely, will hinder the economic development, affects the socialist society stability and the sustainable development.There are many problems in the current pension system of our country: the development of the social endowment insurance system is balanced, the function of the family endowment is weakened, and the socialized pension mechanism remains to be improved.The overall level of development of the social pension policy and the legal system for the aged is still relatively slow.Under the background of people-oriented, building socialist harmonious society and promoting the sustainable development of the society, the connotation of the old-age system is accurately positioned, the development course of the old-age system is combed, and the present situation of the old-age system in China is analyzed.On the basis of drawing lessons from the foreign pension system and based on the actual situation of our country, it will undoubtedly be of great help to solve the problem of the old-age support in China to construct the pension system with Chinese characteristics.Therefore, the whole content of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part mainly expounds the pension system, the concept and content of the pension system with Chinese characteristics and the relevant theoretical basis.The theory of Marxist social security for the aged and the western theory of social security for the aged are expounded, combed and summarized.It also points out that it is of great significance to establish and perfect the pension system with Chinese characteristics.The second part reviews the development of the pension system in China.In order to understand the vertical development of the pension system, this paper analyzes the process of the change of the pension system from the formal system level, pension system level, pension policy level and the family pension system level respectively, in order to understand the vertical development of the pension system.The third part mainly analyzes the current situation, existing problems and causes of the problems in China's current old-age system, and deeply analyzes the imperfect old-age insurance system and pension policy from the aspects of economy, legal system, culture and so on.The reasons for the existing problems such as the old people's rights and interests are not guaranteed.The fourth part analyzes the representative pension system model in developed countries, in order to find the inspiration to promote the improvement of China's pension system.The fifth part puts forward some suggestions for the establishment of pension system with Chinese characteristics.This paper puts forward countermeasures from four aspects: reforming the pension insurance system, improving the level of legalization, perfecting the social old-age policy, and setting up the correct concept of old-age value, so as to better solve the problem of old-age support.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

【参考文献】