约旦现代化进程研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 10:53

  本文选题：约旦 + 外源型现代化　； 参考：《西北大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：19世纪末20世纪初,约旦仍属半游牧国家,经济基础薄弱,形式单一,以发展农牧业为主。约旦社会以部落为基本组织形式,部落长老是实际统治者。该地区缺乏专门的政治制度,依靠部落习惯法实行统治,每个村镇的法律各不相同,法律、军事制度、军事法、部落习惯法、专制和伊斯兰教协商制度(舒拉)共存。1861年坦齐马特改革后,奥斯曼帝国开始变革图强,走上发展现代化之路。约旦作为奥斯曼帝国版图的一部分,也卷入现代化浪潮中。20世纪初,该地区出现现代化萌芽。1921年英国对外约旦实行委任统治后,阿卜杜拉组建了具有“顾问委员会”性质的第一届政府,标志着约旦现代化开启。此后,外约旦临时政府又组建了临时内阁、政府安全部队,颁布了一系列法律,在阿卜杜拉国王的带领下于1946年获得独立。根据罗荣渠的理论,约旦按意识形态划分属于混合型现代化,既不同于资本主义模式,也不同于社会主义模式,是在本国历史文化基础上对上述两种发展形式的综合。混合型模式是尚在发展中的不成熟的现代化模式,其特点是几种生产方式结合,奉行自由经济制度,由政府实施计划和调节。根据布莱克的理论,约旦属于第六范型,该范型的国家经历过殖民主义。殖民经历对现代化既有促进作用,又有阻碍作用,其发展模式倾向于从更现代的社会照搬现代观念和体制。同样,这类国家在最初阶段往往依靠殖民国家为其提供政治内聚力,即使独立后其政治结构、领土划定和其他方面仍残存殖民国家的政治权威。如按现代化起源划分,约旦属于外源型现代化国家,又称外诱性现代化或外诱变迁,其内部创新居于次要地位。外约旦属于低度发展国家,现代化发展水平较低,传统结构受殖民主义破坏呈畸形化。在殖民主义的影响下,外约旦社会受到外部冲击而引起内部思想和政治变革,进而推动经济变革,形成了政治、经济和社会领域的二元结构。但外源型现代化并非完全受制于外部条件,其发展战略可分为自主的即非联系型发展战略,非自主的即外向型联系发展战略,或两种战略交替使用。约旦充分利用外部条件,结合自身特点,走的是非联系型发展战略与外向型联系发展战略相结合的道路。这种非联系型发展战略与外向型联系发展战略相结合的外源型现代化,在政治现代化方面体现得更加彻底。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Jordan was still a semi-nomadic country with a weak economic base and a single form. Jordanian society takes the tribal as the basic organization form, tribal elders are the actual rulers. The region lacks a special political system and relies on tribal customary law to govern. The laws of each village and town are different, the law, the military system, the military law, the tribal customary law, Autocracy and Islamic Consultative system (Shura) coexist. After the Tancimat Reformation in 1861, the Ottoman Empire began to transform Tu Qiang and embark on the road of modernization. Jordan, as part of the Ottoman Empire, was also involved in the wave of modernization. At the beginning of the 20th century, modernization sprouted in the region. Abdullah formed the first government of an advisory council, marking the start of Jordan's modernization. Since then, the external Jordanian interim government has formed an interim cabinet, government security forces, promulgated a series of laws, under the leadership of King Abdullah gained independence in 1946. According to Luo Rongqu's theory, Jordan is divided into mixed modernization according to ideology, which is different from both capitalist and socialist models. It is a synthesis of the above two forms of development on the basis of its history and culture. The mixed mode is an immature mode of modernization which is still in development. It is characterized by the combination of several modes of production, the practice of free economic system, and the implementation of planning and regulation by the government. According to Black's theory, Jordan belongs to the sixth model, whose country has experienced colonialism. Colonial experience not only promotes but also hinders modernization, and its development mode tends to copy modern ideas and systems from more modern society. Similarly, such States often rely at the initial stage on colonial powers to provide them with political cohesion, even though their political structure, territorial delimitation and other aspects remain the political authority of colonial Powers even after independence. For example, according to the origin of modernization, Jordan belongs to the foreign modernization country, which is also called external inductive modernization or foreign inducement change, and its internal innovation plays a secondary role. Outer Jordan is a low-developed country with a low level of modernization, and its traditional structure is deformed by colonialism. Under the influence of colonialism, the outer Jordanian society was subjected to external shocks, which caused internal ideological and political changes, and then promoted economic changes, forming a dual structure in the political, economic and social fields. However, exogenous modernization is not completely restricted by external conditions. Its development strategy can be divided into independent development strategy, non-related development strategy, extroverted linkage development strategy, or alternate use of the two strategies. Jordan makes full use of the external conditions and combines its own characteristics to take the road of combining the non-related development strategy with the export-oriented linkage development strategy. The external modernization, which combines the non-related development strategy and the extroverted linked development strategy, is more thoroughly reflected in the political modernization.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D737.9
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本文编号：1782120