发达国家的反建制运动——自由秩序与现代性危机

发布时间：2018-04-30 12:20

本文选题：反建制 + 民粹主义　；参考：《国际政治科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：以英国"脱欧"和特朗普当选美国总统为标志性事件,反建制运动正在深刻影响着发达国家的制度框架。此次反建制运动是现代性危机的又一次集中爆发,发达国家普遍存在的政治失序与现代性的"道德贫瘠"有着隐蔽的内在联系,反映了资本主义向更高级形式——全球资本主义——推进过程中所积累的重重矛盾。一方面,自由主义在政治实践中日益官僚化、技术化和教条化;另一方面,全球化的深入发展导致了发达国家内部和外部共识的丧失。这两种趋势动摇了自由秩序赖以生存的意识形态和社会前提。尽管在国内和国际两个层面都遭遇了挫折,但自由主义信条本身仍然是可欲的,并不会就此走向衰落。反建制运动本身并没有为现代性危机提出更为有效的解决方法,它更多地是暴露和批判了自由民主秩序在当前政治经济条件下的弱点与不足,其带有强烈"思乡病"色彩的观点主张无法成为现行秩序的有力补充,更不可能代替现行秩序。然而,值得注意的是,对反建制运动的评价应避开进步主义的陷阱,发达国家的主流精英唯有正视反建制派的关切,才能从根本上防止政治失序的进一步恶化。
[Abstract]:With Brexit and Trump's election as US president, the anti-establishment movement is profoundly affecting the institutional framework of developed countries. The anti-establishment movement is another concentrated outbreak of the crisis of modernity. The widespread political disorder in developed countries has hidden internal links with the "moral inferiority" of modernity. It reflects the contradictions accumulated in the advancement of capitalism to a more advanced form-global capitalism. On the one hand, liberalism is increasingly bureaucratic, technical and dogmatic in political practice; on the other hand, the further development of globalization leads to the loss of internal and external consensus in developed countries. These two trends shake the ideological and social premise on which the free order depends. Despite setbacks at both the domestic and international levels, the liberal creed itself is desirable and will not decline. The anti-establishment movement itself has not proposed a more effective solution to the crisis of modernity. It has exposed and criticized the weaknesses and shortcomings of the liberal and democratic order under the current political and economic conditions. His viewpoint with strong "homesickness" color can not be a powerful supplement to the current order, let alone replace the current order. However, it is worth noting that the evaluation of the anti-establishment movement should avoid the trap of progressionism, and the mainstream elites of developed countries must face up to the concerns of the anti-establishment faction, so as to fundamentally prevent the further deterioration of political disorder.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院、欧洲问题研究中心;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(批准号:17XNF010)的研究成果
【分类号】：D815

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