老年人助行器的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 19:05

本文选题：人口老龄化 + 助行器　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,随着生活水平和医疗技术的提高,60岁以上老年人口的数量在不断增加,人口老龄化逐步发展为全球化的趋势,世界各国的人口结构也发生了显著变化,同时也正将面临新的挑战。目前中国的老年人口是世界上最多的国家。个人从生长发育、成熟到衰退是一个缓慢的生理过程,人在步入老年阶段后,生理机能开始逐渐衰退,身体开始老化,甚至会有生理或心理上的疾病伴随而来。因此,我们应当关心老年人群体,并为他们提供帮助。研究调查显示,由于生理机能衰退主要导致的肌肉松弛和骨质疏松,使许多老年人在平常的站立、行走过程中存在重心不稳、肢体活动能力和协调能力下降的现象,从而导致弯腰、站起、步行等日常行为变得困难而费力,容易疲劳、摔倒等,也在无形中加重了他们的心理负担。针对这些现象,助行器作为一种支撑平衡、辅助行走的工具,能让老年人在即使没有他人帮助的情况下实现自由走动、外出和自我照顾的生活状态。目前市场上现有的各种助行器存在着功能不足、尺寸不合理、缺乏设计等现象,并不能使老年人的实际需要得到有效满足,因而需要对老年人使用的助行器进行设计和研究。本课题基于人机工程学和有限元分析,通过深入详细的了解老年人的生理及心理状态,对老年人助行器的功能、尺寸、材质和色彩进行设计分析。在得出分析结果后,运用Pro/E软件构建三维立体模型,选择材质和色彩;然后运用Hyper Mesh软件对助行器的骨架结构模型进行有限元分析,从而达到检测、优化的目的;最后运用CATIA软件对助行器模型进行人机仿真分析,实现对助行器尺寸的检测、优化。使设计的老年助行器在满足必要条件的基础上,即帮助老年人跨越障碍、实现自由行走,同时在造型、形态和色彩的设计上满足老年人的心理需求。进而达到对老年人的情感关怀,帮助推动人口老龄化社会的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the improvement of living standards and medical technology, the number of the elderly population over 60 years old has been increasing, and the aging population has gradually developed into a trend of globalization, and the population structure of various countries in the world has also undergone significant changes. At the same time, it is facing new challenges. At present, China has the largest number of elderly people in the world. From growth and development, maturation to decline is a slow physiological process. After entering the old age, the physiological function begins to decline gradually, the body begins to age, and even some physiological or psychological diseases come along. Therefore, we should care for the elderly group and provide them with help. Research shows that muscle relaxation and osteoporosis, which are mainly caused by the decline of physiological function, cause many elderly people to have unstable center of gravity and decreased physical activity and coordination ability during their normal standing and walking. As a result, daily behaviors such as bending, standing up and walking become difficult and laborious, easy to fatigue, fall and so on, which adds to their psychological burden. In response to these phenomena, the walking aids, as a support and balance tool, can enable the elderly to walk freely, go out and take care of themselves even without the help of others. At present, there are some phenomena in the market, such as insufficient function, unreasonable size, lack of design and so on, which can not satisfy the practical needs of the elderly effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to design and study the mobility aids used by the elderly. Based on ergonomics and finite element analysis, the function, size, material and color of the walking aids for the elderly are designed and analyzed by deeply understanding the physiological and psychological state of the elderly. After the analysis results are obtained, the three-dimensional model is constructed by using Pro/E software, and the material and color are selected, then the finite element analysis of the skeleton structure model of the walker is carried out by using Hyper Mesh software, so as to achieve the purpose of detection and optimization. Finally, the man-machine simulation analysis of the walking aid model is carried out by using CATIA software to realize the measurement and optimization of the size of the walker. On the basis of satisfying the necessary conditions, the designed mobility aids can help the elderly to cross obstacles and walk freely, and at the same time, the design of shape, form and color can meet the psychological needs of the elderly. To achieve emotional care for the elderly, to help promote the harmonious development of the aging population society.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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