普京治下新型利益集团研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 03:18

本文选题：寡头利益集团 + 新型利益集团　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着俄罗斯社会转型时期利益的重新分化和重组,利益集团在俄罗斯社会中迅速崛起并成为转型中重要的一部分,从形成壮大的金融寡头集团转变为如今的新型利益集团它经历了从传统的苏联体制到叶利钦时期再到梅普组合时期,由对权力的依附再到发展为高度垄断、干预政治,它对社会转型所产生的消极影响已经明显大于积极影响。由于叶利钦政府的软弱使寡头集团日益猖獗,普京上任后大刀阔斧对寡头利益集团进行治理,加强中央集权并逐步建立了依附于自己的新型利益集团。本文一共分为五个部分,第一部分是叶利钦时期俄罗斯的社会转型与利益集团的产生。利益集团的形成原因是多方面的,在叶利钦时期寡头利益集团的崛起与社会转型有着必然的联系,转型期间政府的强力推动加上市场经济导致的利益分化都是造成寡头利益集团壮大的重要原因。本章从寡头利益集团的形成,特点等多方面来分析寡头利益集团对于社会和政治的影响。第二部分主要介绍了普京治国理念的形成以及他对寡头利益集团的清洗。从俄罗斯的国内背景、历史文化背景、国际形势以及普京个人经历来分析普京治国理念的形成。普京执政后为了加强中央权威,恢复政治秩序他开始从经济、政治以及媒体等多方面下手大力整顿寡头集团。在普京的治理下,利益集团发生了重大的转变,原本的寡头集团时代已经终结。第三部分是普京威权政治的确立及在他的推动下形成了新型利益集团。为了建立一个强而有力的国家体系普京上任之初就颁布了一系列措施来加强中央的垂直权力,为此,普京扶植了一批自己的亲信幕僚形成了新型利益集团,这些人在他的政治生活中起到了重要作用。第四部分是对普京治下新型利益集团的活动进行分析,新型利益集团不同于叶利钦时期的寡头集团,在政治上他们帮助普京打击反对派,树立威信。在经济上帮助普京掌控经济命脉,逐步使国家能源收归国有。最后一部分简要总结了普京威权政治对于俄罗斯民主化影响。普京上任之后就对国家权力进行了新一轮的改革,面对上任之初的混乱局面改革是国家发展所必须的,但是这种威权体制也造成了一系列负面的影响。俄罗斯国家权力的政治形态将如何发展,对于人民的民主诉求普京会做何转变这都将是个任重道远的过程。
[Abstract]:With the redifferentiation and reorganization of the interests in the transitional period of Russian society, interest groups have risen rapidly in the Russian society and become an important part of the transformation. From the formation of a strong financial oligarch group to a new interest group today, it experienced from the traditional Soviet system to the Yeltsin period and then to the Mayp combination period, from the dependence on power to the development of a high degree of monopoly and interference in politics. Its negative impact on social transformation has been significantly greater than the positive impact. Because of the weakness of the Yeltsin government, the oligarchs became increasingly rampant. After Putin took office, he ruled the oligarchs, strengthened the centralization of power, and gradually established a new interest group dependent on himself. This paper is divided into five parts, the first part is the Russian social transformation and the generation of interest groups in Yeltsin period. There are many reasons for the formation of interest groups. In the Yeltsin period, the rise of oligarchic interest groups had a certain connection with the social transformation. During the period of transition, the strong push of the government and the differentiation of interests caused by the market economy are the important reasons for the oligopoly interest group to grow. This chapter analyzes the influence of oligarchic interest groups on society and politics from the formation and characteristics of oligarchic interest groups. The second part mainly introduces the formation of Putin's idea of governing the country and his purge of oligarchic interest groups. From Russia's domestic background, historical and cultural background, international situation and Putin's personal experience to analyze the formation of Putin's idea of governing the country. After Putin took office, in order to strengthen the central authority and restore political order, he began to vigorously clean up the oligarchs from various aspects, such as economy, politics and the media. Under Mr Putin, interest groups have changed dramatically, and the old era of oligopoly has come to an end. The third part is the establishment of Putin's authoritarian politics and the formation of new interest groups. In order to establish a strong and powerful state system, Putin promulgated a series of measures to strengthen the vertical power of the central authorities when he took office. For this reason, Putin nurtured a group of his closest aides and formed a new interest group. These people played an important role in his political life. The fourth part is to analyze the activities of the new interest group under Putin. The new interest group is different from the oligarch group in Yeltsin period. In the economic help Putin to control the economic lifeline, gradually nationalized the state energy. The last part summarizes the influence of Putin's autocratic politics on Russia's democratization. After Putin took office, he carried out a new round of reform of state power. Facing the chaos at the beginning of his term of office, the reform is necessary for the development of the country, but this kind of authoritarian system has also caused a series of negative effects. How the political form of Russian state power will evolve and what changes Putin will make to the democratic aspirations of the people will be a long way off.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D751.2

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