难民的原在国转移保护问题

发布时间：2018-05-03 16:11

本文选题：原在国转移保护 + 难民地位　；参考：《中国政法大学学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：原在国转移保护是国际难民法晚近发展出的概念,即通过认定寻求庇护者可以在原在国境内某一区域获得有效保护,从而合法地将他排除在难民地位之外。尽管《难民公约》和《难民议定书》对此并无明文规定,原在国转移保护已经通过国际实践牢固确立,被绝大多数《难民公约》与《难民议定书》的缔约国视为难民甄别的必要组成部分。由于缺少《难民公约》和《难民议定书》的明确规定,围绕原在国转移保护的解释和适用仍然存在许多分歧和不确定性。本文从原在国转移保护概念的公约基础入手,指出其概念基础和正当性来源并非难民地位取得条款或丧失条款中的某一具体要件,而是国际难民保护之于原在国保护的后备性质这一统摄性的根本原则。在原在国转移保护的解释和适用上,关键问题是建构"原在国有效保护"的法律标准,这要求寻求庇护者在原在国转移区域不面临迫害、严重伤害以及过分严苛的困难。笔者认为,原在国转移保护在今天已经成为一项独立的原则,构成对《难民公约》和《难民议定书》允许性的解释。
[Abstract]:Transfer of protection in the country of origin is a concept developed recently in international refugee law, that is, the asylum seeker is legally excluded from refugee status by determining that he or she can obtain effective protection in an area within the territory of the country in which he was originally present. Although the Convention on Refugees and the Refugee Protocol do not expressly provide for this, transfer protection in the country of origin is firmly established through international practice, The vast majority of States parties to the Refugee Convention and the Refugee Protocol regard refugee screening as an essential component. Due to the lack of explicit provisions of the Refugee Convention and the Refugee Protocol, there are still many differences and uncertainties concerning the interpretation and application of the protection transferred in the original country. Starting from the convention foundation of the concept of transfer of protection in the original country, this paper points out that the conceptual basis and the source of legitimacy are not a specific element in the acquisition or loss of refugee status clause. It is the fundamental principle that international refugee protection is the reserve nature of the protection in the original country. In the interpretation and application of the protection transferred in the original country, the key problem is to construct the legal standard of "effective protection in the original country", which requires that the asylum seekers do not face persecution, serious injury and excessively severe difficulties in the region transferred in the original country. The author believes that the transfer of protection in the country has become an independent principle today and constitutes an interpretation of the permissibility of the Refugee Convention and the Refugee Protocol.
【作者单位】：加拿大麦吉尔大学法学院;
【分类号】：D815.6

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