社会包容政策纲领在澳大利亚的兴衰（2002-2013）

发布时间：2018-05-04 07:44

本文选题：社会包容 + 南澳大利亚　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会包容政策是澳大利亚南澳州于2002年至2011年,在以麦克·兰恩州长为首的工党执政期间,以英国的托尼·布莱尔首相实施的社会包容政策为蓝本,推行的社会政策纲领。其后于2007年至2013年,澳大利亚联邦政府总理,工党首脑陆克文和其继任者茱莉亚·吉拉德,将社会包容政策作为其社会政策的全国性纲领。然而在2013年,以托尼·阿伯特为首的执政党联盟接替工党,组成新一届政府后,社会包容政策随即在澳大利亚联邦政府被废除。本文回溯了社会包容作为2002年到2013年在澳大利亚实行的社会政策纲领的兴衰,探究了其在南澳州和联邦政府分别被采纳和废除的原因,并据此对社会包容做简要评价。首先,本文介绍了南澳州政府和联邦政府分别实行社会包容政策纲领的由来,简要分析了两个社会政策纲领文本的内容。从在南澳和联邦政府实行的社会包容政策纲领的背景,具体内容和框架来看,两个纲领在基本原则和实施途径上一脉相承,并无太大变化。社会包容政策的核心手段,即"改变理论",和形成"政府合力",在两个文本中都得到了强调。然而,南澳州实行的社会包容政策赞誉颇多,被认为是卓有成效的社会政策,澳大利亚联邦政府的社会包容政策却未能得到和南澳的社会包容政策一样的赞誉,而且因效果不佳而最终被废除。其次,本文回顾了社会包容在南澳和联邦政府被终止施行和最终废除的经过。2011年,南澳工党内部举行选举,新任党首威瑟利尔上台,接替麦克·兰恩成为下任州长,并于2014年初出台了"主流化"社会政策,主动在工党执政期间,终止将社会包容政策作为社会政策的纲领。而在2013年,茱莉亚·吉拉德领导的工党在联邦大选中落败,自由党领袖托尼·阿伯特接替吉拉德上台成为新一任澳大利亚联邦政府总理,随即废除社会包容政策。究其原因有二。第一,由于2008年金融危机影响,工党联邦政府缩减开支,导致上台之时的很多社会政策方面的承诺落空,一方面也因面对变化的经济社会形势而未能及时作出调整,因而社会包容政策在联邦政府实施效果不佳。第二,社会包容政策纲领本身具有先天弱势。其核心手段"政府合力"难以实现,推行力度不足,另外其目标过于单一,如教育和就业,同时只注重扶助弱势群体,忽视了将弱势群体边缘化的风险。本文认为,社会包容政策纲领是南澳州工党应对当时南澳州经济和社会形势的选择,在当时起到了改善南澳州社会状况的作用。但其本身具有不足之处,更由于全球金融危机而变得不再适用,因而在联邦政府未能有效实施,并最终被废除。总体而言,社会包容政策纲领提供了看待和扶助弱势群体的新视角,对澳大利亚社会政策发展的贡献不可忽视。
[Abstract]:Social inclusion policy is a social policy program in South Australia from 2002 to 2011, based on the social inclusion policy implemented by British Prime Minister Tony Blair during the Labor Party administration led by Governor McLaine. From 2007 to 2013, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and his successor Julia Gillard, prime minister of the federal government, made social inclusion a national platform for their social policy. But in 2013, when Tony Abbott's ruling coalition took over from Labour to form a new government, social inclusion was abolished in Australia's federal government. This paper reviews the rise and fall of social inclusion as a social policy program implemented in Australia from 2002 to 2013, explores the reasons for its adoption and abolition in South Australia and the Federal Government respectively, and makes a brief evaluation of social inclusion accordingly. First of all, this paper introduces the origin of the social inclusion policy program implemented by the Southern Australian government and the federal government, and briefly analyzes the contents of the two social policy programs. From the background, concrete content and framework of the social inclusion policy program implemented in South Australia and the federal government, the two programs have not changed much in the basic principles and ways of implementation. The core means of social inclusion policy, that is, "change theory", and the formation of "government cooperation", are emphasized in both texts. However, there is much praise for the social inclusion policy in South Australia, which is considered to be a fruitful social policy, but the Federal Government's social inclusion policy has not received the same praise as the South Australian social inclusion policy. And was eventually abolished because of poor results. Secondly, this article reviews the process of the termination and eventual abolition of social inclusion in South Australia and the Federal Government. In 2011, the South Australian Labor Party held an election in which the new leader, Weatherlier, came to power and replaced McLaine as the next governor. In early 2014, a "mainstream" social policy was introduced, actively ending the social inclusion policy as a social policy platform during the Labour Party's administration. In 2013, Julia Gillard's Labour Party lost in the federal election, and Liberal leader Tony Abbott replaced Ms Gillard as Australia's new federal prime minister and abolished social inclusion policies. There are two reasons for this. First, because of the impact of the 2008 financial crisis, the federal government of the Labour Party cut back on its spending, which led to the collapse of many of the social policy commitments made at the time of taking office. On the one hand, it failed to make timely adjustments because of the changing economic and social situation. As a result, social inclusion policies have not worked well in the federal government. Second, the social inclusion policy program itself is inherently weak. The core means of "government joint efforts" are difficult to achieve, insufficient implementation, and its goal is too single, such as education and employment, while only focusing on helping the vulnerable groups, ignoring the risk of marginalizing the vulnerable groups. This paper holds that the program of social inclusion policy is the choice of the South Australian Labor Party to deal with the economic and social situation in South Australia at that time, and played a role in improving the social situation of South Australia at that time. But it has its own shortcomings, and because of the global financial crisis and become no longer applicable, so the federal government failed to effectively implement, and was eventually abolished. In general, the social inclusion policy framework provides a new perspective to look at and help vulnerable groups, and its contribution to the development of Australian social policy cannot be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D761.1

【相似文献】