德国儿童公共服务研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 10:11

本文选题：儿童 + 公共服务　；参考：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：儿童是民族的希望,国家的未来。由于儿童自身的脆弱性,他们的生存和发展应该受到政府和社会的关注和支持。德国是世界上最早提出“社会政策”理念的国家,也是最早立法建立工人养老金、健康和医疗保险制度的国家,在儿童公共服务领域,德国同样跻身世界一流之列。一方面,本文通过大量的文献研究,借助最新的德国官方统计数据和资料,以德国儿童公共服务建立的理论背景为出发点,研究了其历史变革,并从法律制度、日托机制、健康服务、教育培训、反虐待和暴力等要素对德国的儿童公共服务机制做了系统的梳理和归纳,总结了德国儿童公共服务机制的主要特征为:以完整的法律体系与制度体系为依托;加强人性化、平等化的服务理念;树立市场导向,多元化供给;培养专业人才,建立长效供应链;建立全国化的统一信息平台,实现信息公开化,监督信息化。进一步的,结合德国目前的国情,总结归纳了德国儿童公共服务所面临的问题。另一方面,本文还对我国儿童公共服务的现状进行了分析,总结归纳了我国儿童公共服务所面临的问题主要为:公共服务的受惠儿童人口基数大,分布地域广,地域发展不平衡,城乡差异大,执行主体缺乏协调,社会政策不健全且与其他社会政策不配套等。最后,通过对两国儿童公共服务机制的比较,结合两国的历史发展和基本国情,可以发现德国儿童公共服务已有的成功经验和其所暴露的缺陷,对我国的儿童保护政策的制定以及公共服务建设的发展都有一定的借鉴作用。我国正处于经济结构转型、社会变化的重大转折点,人口老龄化逐渐凸显,保护和培养新一代至关重要。儿童的未来不仅需要政府、社会团体的配合,更需要每个家庭和个人共同参与。
[Abstract]:Children are the hope of the nation and the future of the nation. Because of children's own vulnerability, their survival and development should be concerned and supported by the government and society. Germany is the first country in the world to put forward the concept of "social policy", and also the earliest country to legislate the establishment of workers' pension, health and medical insurance system. In the field of children's public service, Germany also ranks among the world's best. On the one hand, through a large number of literature studies, with the help of the latest German official statistics and information, this paper studies the historical changes of public services for children in Germany from the point of view of the theoretical background of the establishment of public services for children in Germany, and from the legal system, the mechanism of day care. Health services, education and training, anti-abuse and violence, and other elements systematically comb and summarize the public service mechanism for children in Germany. The main characteristics of the public service mechanism for children in Germany are summarized as follows: relying on the complete legal and institutional system, strengthening the service concept of humanization and equalization, establishing market orientation, diversifying supply, cultivating professional talents, Establish a long-term supply chain, set up a unified information platform, realize information publicity, supervise information. Further, combined with the current situation of Germany, summed up the problems faced by German children's public services. On the other hand, this paper also analyzes the present situation of children's public service in our country, and summarizes the problems faced by the children's public service in our country. The main problems are as follows: the population base of the children benefited by the public service is large, and the distribution of the children's public service is wide. The regional development is unbalanced, the difference between urban and rural areas is big, the executive body lacks the coordination, the social policy is not perfect and does not match with other social policies and so on. Finally, by comparing the mechanism of public service for children between the two countries, and combining the historical development and basic national conditions of the two countries, we can find the successful experience and the shortcomings exposed by the public service for children in Germany. It can be used for reference for the formulation of child protection policy and the development of public service construction in China. China is in the transition of economic structure, the major turning point of social change, population aging gradually highlights, the protection and training of a new generation of important. Children's future needs not only the cooperation of government and social groups, but also the participation of every family and individual.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D751.6;C913.5

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