复兴党分支在阿拉伯国家发展历程的研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 14:49

本文选题：阿拉伯复兴社会党 + 复兴党分支　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：19世纪开始,世俗的民族主义现代理念进入了阿拉伯世界,发展到20世纪,俨然成为指导阿拉伯国家的主体思想,以民族独立、阿拉伯统一、社会政治民主化、经济文化发展和世俗化为核心发展目标。在这样的精神原料催生下,民族主义政党应运而生,开始在阿拉伯国家的政治舞台上发挥影响力。从意识形态的先进性、政治实践的活跃性、传播范围和影响力方面来看,阿拉伯复兴社会党在20世纪后半叶以来的阿拉伯世界政治舞台上占据了不可替代的重要地位,发挥了重大而独特的历史作用,并在伊拉克和叙利亚实现上台执政,揭开了阿拉伯国家政党政治的序幕。因此,要想对阿拉伯国家现代政治历程、政治格局有全面而深刻的了解,必然要回归到阿拉伯复兴社会党的研究当中,从时间维度和空间维度上进行深层次的挖掘。复兴党以其独特的思想体系、严密的组织模式和有效的实践活动而在阿拉伯国家迅速传播,并以伊拉克和叙利亚为思想发源地向四周辐射开来,深入到各个阿拉伯国家,其中涉及到沙姆地区、马格里布地区、尼罗河流域地区、海湾地区等,并建立了规模各异的分支机构,参与了多个阿拉伯国家的政治改革和现代化进程。复兴党分支的组织形态各异,其中包括一些成员数量较多、组织规模较大的分支,这些分支与“民族领导机构”的联系紧密,并建立了“地区领导机构”,在政治活动中影响力较大,如苏丹、也门、约旦等国家的复兴党分支;还有一些分支并未达到最高层次的组织规模,仅仅是一些复兴党人士的群体,形成“支部”、“支队”。另一方面,复兴党分支在各个阿拉伯国家形成之后,无不例外地和当局政权产生了矛盾,受到威权政府的打压和控制,包括以阿尔及利亚“民族解放阵线”和突尼斯“社会主义宪政党”为代表的政党掌权的威权国家,以及以科威特为代表的君主掌权的威权国家。在这种背景之下,复兴党分支根据国家体制、政治环境的差异进行相应的理论转变和体制改革,重新阐释复兴党纲领。复兴党分支在发展过程中,既受到本国政治环境的内在影响,也受到民族领导机构的外在影响。在伊拉克和叙利亚复兴党分裂之后,复兴党遭遇了有史以来的最大危机,而复兴党分支也四分五裂,划分为不同阵营,走向了不同的发展道路。因此,无论是从意识形态的阵营划分、政治实践的参与度,还是从结局命运的走向等角度来看,复兴党分支都各自形成了派别,在特性之外烙上了一部分共性。复兴党作为阿拉伯民族主义的重要有机组成部分,完成了民族主义思潮的一次重大理论实践,推动了阿拉伯国家的政治改革和现代化历程。而阿拉伯国家因其独特的地理位置和复杂的历史条件成为多种意识形态的汇聚之地,包括阿拉伯民族主义、地方阿拉伯民族主义、伊斯兰主义、社会主义等,这些意识形态通过政党的形式发挥影响力,在政治舞台上相继登场、互相竞争。因此,不可避免地,复兴党分支遭遇了来自各方的挑战,面临了各种意识形态的竞争,并在势力博弈中逐渐衰弱,一度陷入危机。纵观复兴党分支的发展历程和叙利亚复兴党的现状,复兴党尽管遭遇了分裂与失败,但仍然在叙利亚保持着合法地位,并在其他阿拉伯国家中通过不同形式继续发挥作用。简而言之,本文围绕“复兴党分支”的发展历程展开研究,从空间层面上进一步丰富复兴党研究领域,探索各个复兴党分支的理论改革和实践活动,从多维度进行考察和对比,总结出彼此的特性和共性,以求更加全面深入地了解阿拉伯复兴社会党的历史和现状、思想和实践,并对其未来进行理性的展望。
[Abstract]:From nineteenth Century, the modern concept of secular nationalism entered the world of Arabia and was developed to twentieth Century as the main idea to guide the Arabia state, with national independence, Arabia unification, social and political democratization, economic and cultural development and secularization as the core development goal. Under such spiritual raw materials, the Nationalist Party At the historic moment, it began to exert influence on the political stage of Arabia. From the perspective of the advanced nature of ideology, the activity of political practice, the scope of communication and influence, the Socialist Party of Arabia has played an important role in the world political stage of Arabia since the second half of the twentieth Century, and has played an important role. The unique historical role, and the implementation of the power in Iraq and Syria, uncovered the prelude to the political party politics of the Arabia state. Therefore, in order to have a comprehensive and profound understanding of the modern political course and political structure of Arabia countries, it is necessary to return to the research of the Arabia rejuvenation social party and advance from the time dimension and the space dimension. With its unique ideological system, strict organizational model and effective practice, the party has spread rapidly in Arabia and radiates from Iraq and Syria to all Arabia countries, involving the sham region, the Maghreb area, and the Nile River Basin. In the region, the Gulf region and so on, the branches of different sizes have been set up to participate in the political reform and modernization process in many Arabia countries. The branch of the party has different organizational forms, including a large number of members and a larger organization, which are closely linked with the "national leadership" and established " "Regional leadership" has great influence in political activities, such as the branch of the Party of the Party of Sultan, Yemen, Jordan and other countries; and some branches have not reached the highest level of organization, only a group of people of the Party of the Party of the Baath party, forming a "branch" and "a detachment". On the other hand, the branch of the party has formed in various Arabia countries. After that, there were no exceptions to the contradiction between the authorities and the authorities, under the pressure and control of the authoritarian government, including the authoritarian state, represented by the "National Liberation Front" in Algeria and the "socialist constitutionalism party" in Tunisia, and the authoritarian state, represented by Kuwait, in this context. In the course of the development of the branch of the party, the branch of the party has been subjected to both the internal influence of its political environment and the external influence of the national leadership. After the split of the party's party in Iraq and Syria, the party has been rejuvenating the party. The biggest crisis in history has been encountered, and the branch of the FW party has been divided into different camps and moved to different ways of development. Therefore, the branch of the party has formed factions, whether from the division of ideology, the participation of political practice, or the trend of the fate of the outcome. As an important part of the nationalism of Arabia, the party has completed a major theoretical practice of nationalism and promoted the political reform and modernization of Arabia countries, and the Arabia country has become a variety of ideologies for its unique geographical position and complex historical conditions. The gathering places, including Arabia nationalism, local Arabia nationalism, Islamism, and socialism, are exerting influence through political parties and competing on the political stage. Therefore, inevitably, the branch of the party has encountered challenges from all sides and faces various ideology. In the course of the development of the branch of the party and the status quo of the Syria Baath party, the party still maintained its legal status in Syria and continued to play its role in different forms in other Arabia countries. It studies the development of the "branch of the party", enriches the research field of the party from the space level, explores the theoretical reform and practical activities of the branches of the party, and summarizes the characteristics and generality of each other in order to understand the history of the rejuvenation socialist party in Arabia more comprehensively and deeply. And the present situation, thinking and practice, and rational prospects for its future.

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.4

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