延迟退休下女职工的生命周期时间配置变化及其效应研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 14:59

本文选题：女职工 + 生命周期　；参考：《四川省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国对劳动者法定退休年龄的规范开始于20世纪50年代,经过数次调整,确立了现行的法定退休年龄政策。建国六十年来,我国的人口与经济社会状况发生了巨大的变化,现行的法定退休年龄标准亟需调整。2013年,党的十八届三中全会明确地提出“研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策”,从而使延迟退休年龄的讨论上升到国家层面。由于退休政策涉及到劳动者个人、家庭与用人单位等各个利益主体的的切身利益,实施延迟退休年龄政策的决策引起了强烈反应与激烈争论,进而使政策调整与制度改革面临压力与阻力。从相关研究与政策讨论来看,女职工成为延迟退休年龄政策调整的重点对象人群。因此,有必要充分分析延迟退休政策给这一群体所带来的潜在影响与效应,进而提出有效的应对性措施,推进相关政策的顺利施行。本文从生命周期理论和家庭劳动理论出发,构造了女职工的“家庭劳动—市场劳动—闲暇”的生命周期分析框架,以此分析延迟退休年龄政策给女职工群体带来的影响。研究发现,延迟退休年龄政策会延长女职工生命周期的市场劳动阶段,挤占女职工退休后的家庭劳动时间和闲暇时间。引入机会成本与机会收益概念,对这种“挤出效应”进行测算,延迟退休年龄政策引起相当大比例的女职工生命周期的时间配置变化主要表现为负效应,即延迟退休年龄政策会降低女职工及其家庭的经济效用与福利水平。因此,从理论上讲,有家务负担的女职工一般会对延迟退休年龄政策存在不满情绪。本文选取了成都市青羊区作为调查地点,对服务业从业女职工的时间配置及其延迟退休意愿情况进行了问卷调查。经过分析得出,从事商品零售和家政保洁等低层次服务业工作的女职工的家庭劳动时间与其延迟退休意愿有着较为明显的负相关性,即她们从事家庭劳动的时间越长,她们就越不愿意延迟退休年龄。另外,研究还发现,时间配置影响女职工退休意愿的路径是不同的。在上班时间规律、休息时间长的服务行业就业的女职工不愿意延迟退休年龄的原因是对闲暇时间的偏好,她们关注的是因闲暇时间缩短带来的生活质量的下降;在上班时间需要轮换、节假日得不到正常休息的服务行业就业的女职工反对延迟退休年龄则主要是因为担心家庭劳动时间被挤占,无法照顾老人与孙子女等家人。最后,在理论分析与实证调研的基础上,本文提出,选择恰当的时机实施渐进式的延迟退休政策,以减轻延迟退休年龄政策对女职工传统生命周期时间安排的冲击及负面影响;首先针对上班时间规律、休息时间长的女职工群体实施延迟退休年龄政策;对确有照护家人等家庭劳动要求与责任的女职工实施包容性延迟退休年龄政策。
[Abstract]:China began to regulate the legal retirement age of workers in the 1950s, after several adjustments, established the current legal retirement age policy. In the 60 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, great changes have taken place in the population and economic and social conditions of our country, and the current legal retirement age is in urgent need of adjustment. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed "to study and formulate the policy of gradual delay of retirement age", thus raising the discussion of the late retirement age to the national level. As the retirement policy involves the vital interests of individual workers, families and employers, the decision to implement the policy of delaying retirement age has aroused strong reactions and heated debates. Then make policy adjustment and system reform face pressure and resistance. From the related research and policy discussion, female workers become the focus of the adjustment of late retirement age policy. Therefore, it is necessary to fully analyze the potential impact and effect of the delayed retirement policy on this group, and then put forward effective countermeasures to promote the smooth implementation of relevant policies. Based on the life cycle theory and the family labor theory, this paper constructs the life cycle analysis framework of "family labor, market labor and leisure" for female workers and staff, and then analyzes the influence of the policy of delayed retirement age on the female workers and staff members. It is found that the policy of delaying retirement age will prolong the market labor stage of female employees' life cycle and occupy the family labor time and leisure time of female workers after retirement. By introducing the concept of opportunity cost and opportunity income, this "crowding-out effect" is calculated. A large proportion of women workers' life cycle time allocation changes caused by the policy of delayed retirement age are mainly shown as negative effects. That is, the policy of delaying retirement age will reduce the economic utility and welfare level of female workers and their families. Therefore, in theory, women workers with household responsibilities are generally dissatisfied with the late retirement age policy. This paper selects Qingyang District of Chengdu as the investigation place, and carries on the questionnaire survey to the service industry female worker's time disposition and the late retirement intention situation. After analysis, it is concluded that the family working hours of female workers engaged in low-level service industries such as commodity retailing and domestic cleaning are significantly negatively correlated with their willingness to delay retirement, that is, the longer they work at home, the longer they are engaged in family work. The more reluctant they are to delay the retirement age. In addition, the study also found that time allocation affects women workers' retirement willingness path is different. In the law of working hours, the reason why female employees in the service industry with long rest time are unwilling to delay retirement age is their preference for leisure time. They pay attention to the decline of quality of life caused by the shortening of leisure time. Female workers in service industries who do not get a normal rest on holidays oppose the delay in retirement age because they are worried that family working hours will be crowded out and they will not be able to take care of their families such as the elderly and their grandchildren. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, this paper proposes that the appropriate time to implement the gradual delay retirement policy, in order to reduce the impact of the delayed retirement age policy on the traditional life cycle of female workers and staff time and negative impact; Firstly, according to the law of working hours and the long rest time, the policy of delayed retirement age is implemented; the policy of inclusive delay retirement age is applied to the female workers who do take care of their families and other family labor requirements and responsibilities.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D412.6;D669.68

【参考文献】