当代世界体系下的美国霸权危机

发布时间：2018-05-13 23:05

本文选题：世界体系 + 马克思主义理论　；参考：《中国政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：1974年沃勒斯坦出版了他的巨著《现代世界体系》,他将世界划分成中心国家、半边缘国家和边缘国家,在当今全球化迅速发展的背景下,资本主义全球化扩张迅速,以美国为核心的中心国家,凭借其在资本与政治上的优势通过国际分工与不平等交换对半边缘与边缘国家的剥削,维护现有的世界体系秩序,保持他们“食利者”的地位。正如马克思在《资本论》中所预测的,资本主义危机不可避免地呈周期性爆发。20世纪70年代经历了十年“滞涨”危机的资本主义各国在新自由主义的“拯救”下继续保持活力。然而2007年爆发于美国的次贷危机席卷全球,资本主义再一次跌入了低谷。美国作为资本主义世界体系的核心,世界第一大经济体,世界最大的消费市场,资本主义危机与美国霸权的危机有着密切的关系。虽然二战之后各主要资本主义国家经过长时间重建国力得到了恢复,并且一度在经济上追赶美国,例如日本的人均GDP曾在80年代一度超越美国,成为经济最发达的资本主义国家。但是对以经济、政治、文化等多方面因素组成的世界体系来说,单纯的经济提升不足以产生对霸权的挑战。本文认为能够对动摇美国霸权的因素有两个,第一是资本主义本身固有的危机,第二是资本主义制度之外的新生力量的挑战例如中国。改革开放后的中国不断崛起,也使得美国在资本主义世界体系内的中心霸权地位不断受到挑战。但是作为“一超多强”格局中唯一的超级大国,虽然美国的实力有所衰落,但是,作为世界体系中心,美国在经济、政治、文化等多方面的地位仍然无法撼动,美国也将继续通过经济、能源、军事等各种手段遏制中国和其他国家对其的威胁,继续保持其霸主地位。但是不得不承认的是,资本主义的衰落是必然的,但是中国的崛起将何去何从也是一个未知数。本文第一章对沃勒斯坦世界体系进行探讨,探讨内容主要分成两个部分,第一部分主要对世界体系理论的理论来源和世界体系产生的背景和基本特征,包括马克主义的唯物史观、马克思资本积累理论、列宁帝国主义论以及年鉴学派和依附论,明确世界体系理论的与马克思主义理论的理论之间的必然联系与继承关系。第二部分对世界体系产生背景及其理论特征进行梳理,通过对世界体系时间和空间两大坐标的分析把握世界体系理论的非结构框架与分析方法;第二章着重分析了美国如何建立与维持其在世界体系中的霸权地位。这部分主要包括了三个方面,即美国霸权如何崛起和遭遇的资本主义危机后掀起的新自由主义浪潮、美国通过强势的金融地位,采用灵活的金融手段(量化宽松)稳固其在世界体系中的经济地位,依靠其强大的国际工业资本与国际贸易地位采取工业回流和制定新的国际贸易协定,美国对世界能源的掌控以及无与伦比的军事地位继续保持美国世界体系中的霸权地位;第三章对中国在世界体系的位置及中国特色社会主义与新自由主义之间的关系、中国在体系中面临的挑战。
[Abstract]:In 1974, he published his great book modern world system. He divided the world into a central country, a semi marginal country and a marginal country. Under the background of the rapid development of globalization, the globalization of capitalism has expanded rapidly, and the central state of the United States is the core of the United States, by virtue of its capital and political advantages through the international division of labor and the international division of labor. Unequal exchange of exploitation of semi marginal and marginal countries, maintaining the existing world system order and maintaining their position of "eating profits". As Marx predicted in "capital", the capitalist crisis inevitably showed a periodic outbreak of the ten years of "stagflation" crisis in the ten years of the 70s century. In 2007, the subprime crisis broke out in the United States, but capitalism once again fell into the valley. As the core of the capitalist world system, the United States was the world's largest economy, the world's largest consumer market, the crisis of capital meaning and the crisis of American hegemony. Although the major capitalist countries recovered after a long period of time after World War II, and once pursued the United States economically, for example, Japan's per capita GDP once surpassed the United States in 80s and became the most economically developed capitalist country. But it was a world body composed of many factors, such as economy, politics, culture and so on. There are two factors that can shake the hegemony of the United States, first, the inherent crisis of capitalism itself, the second is the challenge of the new forces outside the capitalist system, such as China. The rising of China after the reform and opening up also makes the US in capital. However, as the world system center, the United States is still unshakeable in economic, political and cultural status as the center of the world system, and the United States will continue to pass economic, energy and military forces. We have to admit that the decline of capitalism is inevitable, but what is the rise of China's rise is also an unknown number. The first chapter of this article is to discuss the world body of the world, and the main content is divided into two parts. The first part mainly produces the background and basic characteristics of the theoretical source and world system of the world system theory, including the materialist historical view of Mark, the theory of Marx's capital accumulation, the theory of Lenin imperialism, the school of Yearbook and the theory of attachment, and the inevitable connection between the theory of the world system and the theory of Marx theory. The second part deals with the background of the world system and its theoretical characteristics. Through the analysis of the two coordinates of the world system time and space, the unstructured framework and analysis methods of the world system theory are grasped, and the second chapter focuses on the analysis of how the United States establishes its hegemony status in the world system. It mainly includes three aspects: the rise of American hegemony and the new liberalism after the crisis of capitalism. The United States, through a strong financial position, adopts a flexible financial means (quantitative easing) to stabilize its economic status in the world system, and relies on its strong international industrial capital and international trade status. In the third chapter, China's position in the world system and the relationship between socialism with Chinese characteristics and Neo liberalism, and the challenges facing China in the system are the third chapter of China's position in the world system and the relationship between socialism with Chinese characteristics and the new liberalism.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D815

【参考文献】