1999年以来的尼日利亚“非洲中心”外交研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 12:10

本文选题：非洲中心 + 尼日利亚　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1960年独立后,基于与非洲大陆各国各地区近代共同的历史经历、泛非主义的思想基础、在全球国家中独具特色的最大规模的黑人数量和巨大的发展潜力等因素,尼日利亚不自觉地把促进非洲的进步当做自己“天定的命运”,其历任领导人在外交思想中也多把非洲作为本国外交的核心和基石。不仅如此,经过多年的支持非洲范围内的反殖和反种族隔离斗争,尼日利亚的非洲领袖角色逐渐凸显,“非洲中心”外交传统也随之不仅形成而且得到了极大地加深。1999年民选政府的上台是尼日利亚历史的一个新阶段。尼日利亚自1999年至今的十多年问是否依然延续着非洲中心的外交传统?如果是,尼日利亚的“非洲中心”外交传统在1999年后是否有变化,有着什么样的变化,为什么会有这些变化,或者这种变化与其对非洲领袖或非洲大国地位的追求有什么样的关系?这一连串的问题成为本文要探究的核心问题和要素。为此,在梳理了1999年来尼日利亚三位总统的外交思想并确认尼日利亚依旧延续着“非洲中心”外交传统后,本文决定对15年来尼国的主要外交活动及其成效进行检索、梳理和分析评估。借鉴尼前外交部长甘巴里(Ibarahim A. Gambari)总结提出并为许多尼国外交学者所接受的中心圆环外交路径,本文中采用与之类似的层次分析法,分西部非洲、非洲大陆和国际社会三个层面并从中选取15年来尼国的主要和代表性的外交活动进行分析,以期得出符合实际的结论。在西非部分,本文主要梳理了尼日利亚对西非地区经济一体化和西非地区冲突干预的参与情况；在非洲部分,本文主要梳理了尼日利亚在新世纪以来参与非统月非盟政治转型、非洲经济一体化框架的制定和实施、非洲开发银行运作、非洲大陆冲突与维和等主要的外交活动情况；在国际舞台上,本文主要分析了尼日利亚15年来利用本国的技术援助团这一工具开展外交活动的情况、在联合国及其安理会中开展的外交活动及其特点、以及在英联邦等其他国际组织中的活动情况；在这些梳理之后,本文在各部分的进行分析和小结。在这个过程中,本文根据新问题尽量选用新的材料和原始资料来进行探究和归类分析,最终在对尼国近15年外交活动形成一个总体认知的基础上,得出本文的最终结论。本文最终结论认为：自1999年以来,尼日利亚的“非洲中心”外交无论从其思想政策还是外交活动方面来讲都有一定的发展与转变：即在继承非洲中心思想的同时也开始意识到并更加注重尼日利亚自身的国家利益,开始了由理想主义和利他主义向具有现实主义色彩方向的转变。对于这种转变,本文分析认为：这种转变并不意味着尼日利亚放弃了其对“非洲领袖／大国地位”外交目标的追求。尼日利亚的非洲中心外交在新世纪只是在一定程度上转变了其行为的方式,转变了实现其外交目标的方式和路径,开始逐渐通过追求自身国家利益和使国家强大的做法来来最终赢得他国的尊重和认可。同时要认识到,由于受历史和各种内外因素的影响,尼日利亚外交的这种转变远未真正的完成,在实际的表现中并未有十分明显的或一以贯之的前后区别,只是带有“现实主义色彩”且只是个“开始”。
[Abstract]:Since independence in 1960, based on the common historical experiences of various regions and regions of the African continent, the ideological basis of Pan African doctrine, the largest number of black people and great potential for development in the global countries, Nigeria unconsciously regarded the advancement of Africa as its "destiny". In the diplomatic thought, the leaders also took Africa as the core and cornerstone of its own diplomacy. Not only that, after years of support for the struggle against colonization and anti apartheid in Africa, the role of African leaders in Nigeria became increasingly prominent, and the diplomatic tradition of the "African Center" was not only formed but also greatly deepened.1999 years. The election of the elected government is a new stage in the history of Nigeria. Does Nigeria continue to continue the diplomatic tradition of the African Center in the more than 10 years since 1999? If it is, whether there has been a change in the diplomatic tradition of the "African Center" in Nigeria in 1999, what changes are there, or why this change, or this? What is the relationship between species change and its pursuit of African leaders or African powers? This series of questions become the core issues and elements to be explored in this article. For this reason, after combing the diplomatic ideas of the three presidents of Nigeria in 1999 and confirming that Nigeria continues to continue the diplomatic tradition of the "African Center", this article decides Based on the retrieval, analysis and evaluation of the major diplomatic activities and results of the country in the past 15 years, the central circle of diplomacy accepted by Ibarahim A. Gambari, the former Foreign Minister of the country, was summarized and proposed by many foreign diplomat scholars. This paper adopts a similar analytic hierarchy process, which is divided into western Africa, African continent and country. In the three aspects of the international society, the main and representative diplomatic activities of the country in the next 15 years are analyzed in order to draw the conclusion that is in line with the actual situation. In West Africa, this article mainly combed the participation situation of Nigeria's participation in the economic integration of West Africa and the conflict intervention in West Africa. In the new century, Leah participated in the political transformation of the Au month African Union, the formulation and implementation of the framework of African economic integration, the operation of the African Development Bank, the conflict and peacekeeping of the African continent and other major diplomatic activities. On the international stage, this article mainly analyzed the use of the technical assistance group in Nigeria in the past 15 years. The situation of diplomatic activities, the diplomatic activities and its characteristics in the United Nations and Its Security Council, as well as the activities in other international organizations such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. After these combing, the article is analyzed and summarized in various parts. In this process, the article tries to choose new materials and raw materials according to the new problems. On the basis of a general understanding of the diplomatic activities of Nepal in the last 15 years, the final conclusion of this article is concluded. The final conclusion of this paper is that since 1999, the "African Center" diplomacy of Nigeria has been developed and changed in terms of both its ideological and diplomatic activities. At the same time, he began to realize and pay more attention to the national interests of Nigeria, and began to change from idealism and altruism to the direction of realism. In this change, this change does not mean that Nigeria has abandoned its "African leader". In the new century, Nigeria's African Center diplomacy has only changed the way of its behavior, changed the way and path to achieve its diplomatic goals in the new century, and began to gradually win the respect and recognition of his country through the pursuit of its own national interests and the country's strong practice. At the same time, it is necessary to realize that, due to the influence of history and various internal and external factors, this transformation of Nigeria's diplomacy is far from truly completed. There is no obvious or consistent difference in actual performance, only with "realism" and only a "start".

【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D843.7

【参考文献】