简析俄罗斯政治权力体系架构的特点及其挑战

发布时间：2018-06-01 09:52

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 政治权力体系　；参考：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：俄罗斯政治权力体系架构最突出的特点是强总统制下不均衡的权力分布格局。总统的超高权威是由缺乏有效政治聚合的民众直接赋予的,本应作为权力中枢的代议机制因缺乏充分的发育而无力发挥权力制衡的作用,因此权力被高度集中到总统手中。而集权则提供进一步削弱政治牵制力量的条件,无论是从横向的议会政党体制来讲,还是纵向的联邦体制而言都是如此。由此,权力极化的总统需要的仅仅是取悦分散的民众即可,而无须着力构建均衡高效的权力运行机制,这不仅在政治伦理层面会极大损害良性的政治参与,同时在国家治理层面也会出现难以克服的困境:在必须维系民众支持的既有前提下,一方面无法打破旧有利益链条的束缚以促进社会经济发展;另一方面,作为一种快捷且高效的手段,利用民族主义甚至是民粹主义情绪势必会成为当权者的优先选项。
[Abstract]:The most prominent feature of Russia's political power system is the uneven distribution of power under the strong presidential system. The super-high authority of the president is directly endowed by the people who lack effective political aggregation. The representative mechanism, which should be the center of power, is unable to play the role of power balance because of the lack of full development, so the power is highly concentrated in the hands of the president. Centralization provides conditions for further weakening political restraints, both in horizontal parliamentary party systems and vertical federal systems. As a result, a polarised president needs nothing more than to please a dispersed population without having to focus on building a balanced and efficient mechanism for the functioning of power, which not only greatly undermines good political participation at the level of political ethics. At the same time, there will be insurmountable difficulties at the level of national governance: on the one hand, it is impossible to break the shackles of the old chain of interests in order to promote social and economic development under the existing premise of maintaining popular support; on the other hand, As a quick and efficient means, the use of nationalist and even populist sentiment is bound to be a priority for those in power.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所;
【分类号】：D751.2

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