台湾“总统府”组织及职能研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 09:46

本文选题：台湾 + 总统府　；参考：《中国青年政治学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：总统府通常是指现代共和制国家总统的官邸和办公机构,对中国来说,总统府最早出现在中华民国临时政府时期,经过不同时期的职能演变,成为今天台湾的“总统府”。台湾“总统府”的组织架构初步成型于1948年《中华民国总统府组织法》,后来经过90年代“宪政改革”,台湾的“政体”发生很大变化,在1996年《“总统府”组织法》大规模修订后,台湾“总统府”的组织架构才完全成型。在不同的政体下,总统府所承担的职能是不一样的。在议会内阁制国家,例如德国,总统是虚位元首,所以总统府一般是指总统的官邸,承担总统秘书机构的职能;而在总统制国家,例如美国,总统是实权元首,总统府即白宫一般是指美国的权力中心,是美国中央政府的组成部分。在台湾现行的偏向“总统制”的“半总统半议会制”的“政体”下,笔者认为“总统府”承担的职能分两方面,一方面其表现为“总统制”下的“中央”政府组成部分,居于“中央”政府中心地位;另一方面“总统府”与“国安会”和“行政院”共同构成台湾权力的“金字塔”。全文共分为三部分,第一部分对总统府由来及其各个时期的政体进行分析,从而总结出在各个时期总统府承担的不同职能;第二部分通过对1948年《总统府组织法》及1996年《“总统府”组织法》的比较,分析总统府的内部组织构架的变化以及产生这种变化的原因;第三部分着重分析现在台湾“总统府”在台湾政府的运行过程中的特点,特别是“总统府”与“行政院”的关系以及“总统府”与“国安会”的关系。
[Abstract]:The presidential palace usually refers to the official residence and office of the president of a modern Republican state. For China, the presidential palace first appeared during the interim government of the Republic of China. After different periods of functional evolution, it became the "presidential palace" of Taiwan today. The organizational structure of the "presidential palace" in Taiwan was initially formed in the Organic Law of the presidency of the Republic of China in 1948. After the "constitutional reform" in the 1990s, Taiwan's "political system" changed greatly. After the 1996 Organic Law of the Presidential Palace was revised in a large scale, the organizational structure of Taiwan's Presidential Palace was fully formed. Under different regimes, the functions of the presidential palace are different. In countries with a parliamentary cabinet system, such as Germany, where the president is a virtual head of state, the presidential palace generally refers to the presidential residence, which assumes the functions of a presidential secretary; in a presidential country, such as the United States, the president is the head of power. The presidential palace, the White House, generally refers to the center of power in the United States and is an integral part of the central government of the United States. Under the current "semi-presidential and semi-parliamentary system" of "presidential system" in Taiwan, the author believes that the functions of the "presidential palace" are divided into two aspects: on the one hand, it is manifested as a "central" government component under the "presidential system". On the other hand, the Presidential Palace, together with the National Security Council and the Executive Yuan, constitutes the "pyramid" of Taiwan's power. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part analyzes the origin of the presidential palace and the polity of each period, and sums up the different functions of the presidential palace in each period. The second part analyzes the changes of the internal organizational structure of the Presidential Palace and the reasons for the change through the comparison of the Organization Law of the Presidential Palace in 1948 and the Organic Law of the Presidential Palace in 1996. The third part focuses on the analysis of the characteristics of Taiwan's "Presidential Palace" in the course of the operation of the Taiwan government, especially the relationship between the "Presidential Palace" and the "Executive Yuan" and the relationship between the "Presidential Palace" and the "National Security Council".
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D675.8

【参考文献】