民国“黄金十年”南京城市火灾与消防技术史研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 23:52

本文选题：民国时期 + 南京火政　；参考：《南京信息工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自自奠都南京起,以首都计划为蓝本,民国时期政府于“黄金十年”推行一系列有计划的市政建设。为保障城市建设和城市安全,该时期南京的消防建设也备受重视,不断革新升级的消防技术无疑成为消防建设中的重点与亮点。研究民国时期(1927-1937年)南京的消防技术旨在实现如下三点目的,其一凭借地缘优势,力图通过丰富且翔实的历史文献资料,展现出民国“黄金十年”内南京火灾的时空分布与火灾概况,进而揭示南京火灾原因;其二更好的认知南京预防、侦测、干预火灾等消防技术的重要价值,分析该时期南京消防技术运行特征,发掘并保护消防遗存;其三整合消防技术对消防事业的影响,梳理民国时期南京消防建设经验,以期为当代消防建设提供借鉴。论文共分五部分。第一部分通过重建民国时期南京火灾的时空分布,分析火灾时空形态的基本特征及分布规律,并进行可视化复原。第二、三、四部分在详细梳理民国时期南京的消防水利、消防探测和消防探测的基础上,探讨了预置消防水利以及消防水源对预防火灾的重要意义,分析了消防探测与消防报警通讯的演进历程及其工作原理,描述了南京消防通用装备,重点对瓦斯唧筒及消防汽车的引进、改装及工作原理进行了梳理。第五部分论述了民国时期南京消防技术和政治、经济及社会的关系。重点对民国时期南京官办消防队与民间救火会的组织、经费、训练、行动进行描述,对官民火政互动关系进行分析总结。文章的结论部分对民国时期以消防技术为重点的南京消防建设进行总结与评价,分析消防建设对城市建设和保护、历史延续、其他城市指导作用等方面的多重影响。从民国时期南京消防建设尤其是消防技术的演进历程可以看出南京的稳定建设倚重消防事业的保障。作为首善之地,南京特定的环境因素决定其消防建设水平略逊易于吸纳国外技术的上海,而又大幅超过其他内陆城市。通过对民国时期消防技术的研究,可以清晰发现彼时消防技术对现代消防的影响。消防事业是国家工程,更是民生工程。重视消防技术在内的消防建设的发展才能维系稳定发展,促进社会和谐,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。
[Abstract]:Starting from the capital city of Nanjing, the government of the Republic of China carried out a series of planned municipal construction in the Golden decade. In order to guarantee the city construction and the city safety, the fire protection construction in Nanjing has been paid more attention in this period, and the continuous innovation and upgrading of the fire fighting technology has undoubtedly become the focal point and bright spot in the fire fighting construction. The purpose of the fire protection technology in Nanjing is to achieve the following three purposes: firstly, by virtue of its geographical advantages, it tries to pass through abundant and rich historical documents. Showing the space-time distribution and fire situation of Nanjing fire during the Golden decade of the Republic of China, and then revealing the causes of Nanjing fire; secondly, better understanding the important value of fire prevention, detection, intervention and other fire prevention techniques in Nanjing. This paper analyzes the operating characteristics of Nanjing fire fighting technology in this period, excavates and protects the fire protection remains; third, integrates the influence of fire control technology on the fire fighting cause, combs the experience of Nanjing fire control construction during the Republic of China, in order to provide reference for the contemporary fire fighting construction. The paper is divided into five parts. The first part analyzes the basic characteristics and distribution rules of fire space-time form by rebuilding the temporal and spatial distribution of Nanjing fire during the Republic of China period and carries out visual restoration. Second, third, and fourth parts, on the basis of combing in detail the fire water conservancy, fire detection and fire protection exploration in Nanjing during the Republic of China, the importance of preset fire water conservancy and fire water source to fire prevention is discussed. This paper analyzes the evolution course and working principle of fire detection and fire alarm communication, describes the general fire fighting equipment in Nanjing, and puts emphasis on the introduction, modification and working principle of gas pump and fire fighting vehicle. The fifth part discusses the relationship between fire technology, politics, economy and society in Nanjing during the Republic of China. This paper mainly describes the organization, funds, training and action of Nanjing fire brigade and folk fire fighting meeting during the period of the Republic of China, and analyzes and summarizes the interactive relationship between government and civilian fire and government. The conclusion of the paper summarizes and evaluates the fire protection construction in Nanjing, which is focused on the fire protection technology in the Republic of China, and analyzes the multiple influences of the fire fighting construction on the urban construction and protection, the historical continuity and the guiding role of other cities. From the evolution course of fire protection construction, especially fire protection technology, we can see that Nanjing's stable construction depends on the guarantee of fire protection. As the first good place, Nanjing's fire protection construction level is slightly inferior to that of Shanghai, which is easy to absorb foreign technology, and greatly exceeds that of other inland cities. Through the study of the fire fighting technology in the Republic of China, the influence of the fire fighting technology on the modern fire control can be clearly found. Fire fighting is a national project, but also a livelihood project. Only by attaching importance to the development of fire protection construction, can we maintain stable development, promote social harmony and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D693.65

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