乌克兰危机以来俄罗斯与欧盟关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 05:49

本文选题：乌克兰危机 + 地缘政治　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为多极化格局中发展势头强劲的两个重要成员,俄罗斯与欧盟之间的双边关系是当今世界上极为重要的一对国际关系。冷战期间,以美国为首的资本主义阵营和以苏联为首的社会主义阵营紧张对峙,苏联与主要欧洲国家之间是针锋相对的敌对关系。苏联解体、冷战结束后,原苏联最大的加盟国俄罗斯独立,欧洲联盟也于1993年11月1日正式成立,欧洲大陆的地缘政治格局发生了惊天动地的变化。在经济全球化趋势的推动下,水火难容的俄罗斯与欧盟迎来了改善双边关系的契机。尽管双方依然存在一系列分歧乃至矛盾,但俄罗斯与欧盟还是牢牢地把握住了这一难得的历史机遇,不失时机的改善了双方之间的关系。1994年6月24日,俄罗斯与欧盟签署《伙伴关系与合作协定》。该协定自1997年生效以来,双方举行了多轮首脑会议,相互了解程度日渐加深。通过共同努力,俄罗斯与欧盟已经在经济、政治、安全等领域建立了全方位的合作关系。20世纪90年代以来,俄欧关系总体上沿着克服摩擦、扩大合作的轨迹向前发展。自2000年以来,随着俄罗斯经济的恢复和综合国力的增强,双方关系迈入了一个新的阶段。2013年11月21日,在国内经济困境与俄罗斯的利益吸引面前无计可施的乌克兰时任政府做出了暂停跟欧盟签署联系国协定的艰难决定。消息一出,立刻引起轩然大波。亲欧分子涌向街头,举行了大规模的游行示威。他们呼吁重新进行总统选举,成立亲西方的新政府。2014年2月22日,亚努科维奇的总统职务被罢免,并决定于5月25日提前进行总统选举。随后,克里米亚独立入俄,顿涅茨克州和卢甘斯克州相继宣布成立独立“主权国家”,政府军与反政府势力陷入混战,美欧联合对俄发起一系列制裁行动。至此,乌克兰危机从国内动乱演变为俄美欧之间的战略博弈,并导致俄罗斯与美欧之间的关系紧张恶化。乌克兰危机爆发后,俄欧之间的对抗因子骤然上升,俄罗斯地缘环境的进一步恶化、俄欧双方发展目标的不同以及战略互信的严重缺失都是制约未来俄欧关系正常平稳发展的因素。此外,欧盟内部成员国对于俄罗斯态度的分歧以及美国对俄政策因素的影响,使得未来俄欧关系的不确定性增大。但由于双方在许多方面存在共同利益且相互依赖程度的日益加深,决定了俄欧之间虽有纠纷,却始终不会脱离合作的主旋律,未来俄欧关系总体上能够保持相对稳定的发展态势。但是,双方关系彻底缓和回暖尚需时日。因此,理性看待对方发展,尊重彼此核心利益,排除他方干扰,增强战略互信,通过合作与对话的方式来处理双边关系仍旧是俄罗斯与欧盟的最佳选择。
[Abstract]:As two important members with strong development momentum in the multi-polarization pattern, the bilateral relations between Russia and the European Union are extremely important international relations in the world today. During the Cold War, the capitalist camp led by the United States and the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union were facing each other, and the Soviet Union and the major European countries had a tit-for-tat hostile relationship. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, Russia, the largest member of the Soviet Union, became independent, and the European Union was formally established on November 1, 1993. The geopolitical structure of the European continent had undergone earth-shaking changes. Driven by the trend of economic globalization, Russia and the European Union are facing an opportunity to improve bilateral relations. Although there are still a series of differences and even contradictions between the two sides, Russia and the European Union have firmly grasped this rare historical opportunity and missed the opportunity to improve relations between the two sides. On June 24, 1994, Russia and the European Union signed the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. Since the agreement came into force in 1997, the two sides have held multiple summits and mutual understanding has deepened. Through joint efforts, Russia and the European Union have established all-round cooperative relations in the fields of economy, politics, security and so on. Since the 1990s, Russian-European relations have generally developed along the track of overcoming friction and expanding cooperation. Since 2000, with the recovery of Russia's economy and the enhancement of its overall national strength, bilateral relations have entered a new stage. In the face of domestic economic woes and Russia's interests, Ukraine's then-government made a tough decision to suspend its associated country agreement with the European Union. As soon as the news came out, it caused an uproar. Pro-Europeans flocked to the streets and staged large demonstrations. They called for a new presidential election and a new pro-Western government. On February 22, 2014, Yanukovych's presidency was removed and he decided to hold early presidential elections on May 25. Subsequently, Crimea became independent into Russia, Donetsk and Luhansk declared the establishment of an independent "sovereign state" one after another, government forces and rebel forces fell into a melee, and the United States and Europe jointly launched a series of sanctions against Russia. So far, the Ukraine crisis has evolved from civil unrest to a strategic game between Russia, the United States and Europe, and has led to tensions between Russia and the United States and Europe. Since the outbreak of the crisis in Ukraine, the confrontation factor between Russia and Europe has risen sharply, and the geopolitical environment of Russia has further deteriorated. The differences in development goals between Russia and Europe and the serious lack of strategic mutual trust are all factors restricting the normal and stable development of Russian-European relations in the future. In addition, differences in the attitude of EU members towards Russia and the impact of U.S. policy on Russia have increased uncertainty in future Russian-European relations. However, because the two sides have common interests in many areas and the degree of interdependence is deepening, it is decided that although there is a dispute between Russia and Europe, it will never break away from the main theme of cooperation. In the future, Russia and Europe will be able to maintain a relatively stable development trend on the whole. However, it will take time for the two sides to completely ease up and warm up. Therefore, it is still the best choice for Russia and the EU to treat each other's development rationally, respect each other's core interests, eliminate interference from others, strengthen strategic mutual trust and handle bilateral relations through cooperation and dialogue.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815

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