比较法视野下完善我国未成年人刑事责任年龄制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 02:24

本文选题：刑事责任年龄制度 + 未成年人　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：未成年人刑事责任年龄与未成年人犯罪的规制效果密切相关,因此要有效控制与预防未成年人犯罪,对未成年人刑事责任年龄进行研究是不可或缺的前提。我国最低刑事责任年龄是14周岁,相对刑事责任年龄是14到16周岁。近年来因校园暴力事件频发,又引发我国对刑事责任年龄的争论。其中一方面是关于是否应当降低最低刑事责任年龄的争论;另一方面是针对相对刑事责任能力人承担刑事责任的范围的争议。14周岁作为未成年人的刑事责任年龄的下限是否不利于打击校园暴力?而对于14至16周岁的未成年犯罪人,尽管刑法规定他们需要对故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或死亡、强奸、抢劫、贩卖毒品、放火、爆炸、投毒罪承担刑事责任,但这8种犯罪,到底是仅指8种具体的罪名,还是指包含这8种行为的犯罪行为,从而依据具体的行为来确定相应的罪名?列举式立法模式容易遗漏需要负刑事责任的犯罪行为,导致学理上的争议,解释之间的矛盾,以及司法认定上的困难。因此,需要对我国的未成年人刑事责任年龄相关规定进行完善。很多其他国家和地区都建立了较为完善的刑事责任年龄制度,并对刑事责任年龄进行合理的设置。美国的刑事责任年龄最低起点设置,俄罗斯的相对刑事责任年龄立法模式,香港和台湾地区对于年龄较低的少年犯的处罚措施等,都值得我们借鉴。本文引入当前未成年人犯罪的典型案例,指出我国刑事责任年龄制度存在的问题并进行分析。同时,对域外未成年人刑事责任年龄制度予以论述,找出完善我国刑事责任年龄制度的方法:一是针对最低刑事责任年龄过高的问题,应当降低当前我国最低刑事责任年龄;二是针对相对刑事责任能力人承担刑事责任的范围问题,需要完善当前的立法模式,明确8种行为的性质,并对这8种行为进行限定。以便更好地规制当前未成年人犯罪,保障未成年人的权益。
[Abstract]:The age of juvenile criminal responsibility is closely related to the regulation effect of juvenile delinquency. Therefore, to effectively control and prevent juvenile delinquency, it is an indispensable prerequisite to study the age of juvenile criminal responsibility. The minimum age of criminal responsibility is 14 years old, and the relative age of criminal responsibility is 14 to 16 years old. In recent years, due to the frequent campus violence, the age of criminal responsibility has been debated in our country. On the one hand, there is a debate on whether the minimum age of criminal responsibility should be lowered; On the other hand, whether the lower limit of the age of criminal responsibility for minors is not conducive to combating school violence, is the range of criminal responsibility of the relative criminal responsibility person controversial. 14 years of age as the minimum age of criminal responsibility of minors? And for minors between 14 and 16 years of age, although the criminal law stipulates that they should be held criminally liable for the crimes of wilful homicide, intentional injury, causing serious injury or death, rape, robbery, drug trafficking, arson, explosion, and poisoning. However, whether these eight kinds of crimes refer to only eight specific crimes or the criminal acts that contain the eight kinds of acts, so as to determine the corresponding charges according to the specific acts? It is easy to omit the criminal acts that require criminal responsibility in the model of enumerative legislation, which leads to theoretical disputes, contradictions between interpretations, and difficulties in judicial determination. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect the relevant provisions of the age of criminal responsibility of minors in our country. Many other countries and regions have established a relatively perfect age system of criminal responsibility and set the age of criminal responsibility reasonably. The setting of the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the United States, the legislative model of relative age of criminal responsibility in Russia, and the punishment measures for younger juvenile offenders in Hong Kong and Taiwan are all worthy of our reference. This paper introduces the typical cases of juvenile delinquency and points out the problems existing in the age system of criminal responsibility in China. At the same time, it discusses the system of the age of criminal responsibility of minors abroad, and finds out the methods to perfect the age system of criminal responsibility of our country: first, aiming at the problem of excessive minimum age of criminal responsibility, we should reduce the minimum age of criminal responsibility at present in our country; Secondly, aiming at the scope of criminal responsibility of the person with relative criminal responsibility, it is necessary to perfect the current legislative model, to clarify the nature of the eight acts, and to limit the eight acts. In order to better regulate the current juvenile delinquency, protect the rights and interests of minors.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3;D669.5

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