周公政制设计研究—兼论对中国传统政治文化的影响

发布时间：2018-06-11 09:31

本文选题：周公 + 制度　；参考：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：制度设计是国家政治发展的重要手段途径,是政治设计的核心构件。十八大以来,党和国家高度重视“制度建设”,提出了以“制度建设”为题中之义的全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面建设小康社会、全面从严治党等重大时代课题,并就新形势下加强党和国家的制度建设作出新的重大部署。中国是一个传统政治、文化设计相当久远的国家。关于古代国家治理方面的史实中存在很多糟粕,亦有很多成功的政治经验。尽管它们的具体做法在今天已不可模仿,但其中蕴含、运用的很多思想理念、方法论资源于今天的国家治理现代化依旧具有重要的借鉴和学习意义,对其中合理成分的扬弃、转化是中国传统文化古为今用的重要体现。中国古代政治、文化大抵滥觞于西周时期。周公是中国先秦历史开端的政治先哲,是周初重要统治者,周公一生治绩斐然,文王时开始参与翦商大业,武王时协助伐纣灭商,成王时摄政天下、制礼作乐,最终促成西周文明。周公政制设计这一伟大的历史性的政治实践是周公政治成就的制高点,它的生命力根植于对西周民情民风民意的深刻体悟上,它的价值不仅在于对西周统治的政治实用性,更在于对中国古代政治规制和政治文化发展的历史性贡献。周公政制设计是指周公领导周人进行政治制度构建的创举,它是周公个人特质、国家构建的刚性需求和政权巩固的执政现实共同触发下的必然结果。思想是行动的先行者,周公政治实践中蕴含了丰富的思想内容和价值理性,如实现从“神本”到“人本”的天命思想、思考“祁天永命”的忧患思想、借鉴学习王朝更迭与“先王垂范”的历史经验的历史思想,等等,这些思想有效地为政制设计提供或提升了实践合理性、必然性和正确性。周公政制是周公在沿袭损益殷礼的基础上设计的一整套以政治制度为核心的制度体系,涵盖伦理、经济、法律、社会生活方方面面的典章制度和行为规范,包括框架性的基本制度,也包括具体的典章规制。周公政制实现了传统“礼”的世俗化,主要有封建制、宗法制、嫡长子继承制、井田制、行政区划下的乡遂制度、其他礼仪制度,如朝觐制度、畿服制、乡饮酒礼和飨礼,以及冠礼、婚礼、丧礼等等,其中前三项制度作为西周政制大网的基本制度,和其他制度一起深刻影响了西周社会的政治生态环境。周公政制具有深刻的维护阶级统治的政治实用性和塑造社会责任感的道德理性,从而构建了一个凡事依礼而为的规则社会并巩固了周王朝政权。周公政制的历史性价值在于它的开创性和奠基性,它是中国古代政治制度发展的源头,并奠定了之后制度发展的基本框架;它形塑了中国传统政治文化中的注重治道、服务王权、突出伦常、以民为本、崇尚和谐等主要精神内容,它是中华民族的一块绚丽夺目的瑰宝。周公政制设计蕴含了丰富的政治哲学、政治智慧和政治技巧,其中很多部分对当今的政治发展中还具有重要启示和借鉴意义,通过对它们进行创造性转化可以运用到国家治理、政治民主发展等重大课题当中。
[Abstract]:The system design is an important means of political development and the core component of political design. Since eighteen, the party and the state have attached great importance to the "system construction", and put forward a comprehensive deepening of the reform in the sense of "system construction", the comprehensive construction of the country according to law, the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way, and a comprehensive and strict administration of the party. In the new situation, we should make a new and important deployment of the party and state system. China is a country with a long history of traditional politics and cultural design. There are many dregs and many successful political experiences on the historical facts of the ancient state governance. Although their concrete practices are not imitable today, they contain, The use of many ideas, methodological resources in the modernization of national governance still has important reference and learning significance. The transformation is an important embodiment of the ancient Chinese culture and the present for the present. The ancient Chinese politics and culture originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The ruling philosophy was an important ruler in the early Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Gong had a great achievement in his life. When Wang began to participate in Ben's great business, the king of the emperor helped to cut down the Shang Dynasty. When he was king, he regated the world, made music, made music, and eventually led to the civilization of the Western Zhou Dynasty. On the profound understanding of the public opinion and public opinion in the Western Zhou Dynasty, its value not only lies in the political practicality of the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but also the historical contribution to the political regulation and the development of the political culture in ancient China. The thought is the forerunner of action, which contains rich ideological content and value reason, such as the realization of the destiny thought from the "God" to the "human", the thought of "the life of the Qi and the eternal life", and the study of the change of Dynasty and the "first Wang Chui". The historical thought of "fan"'s historical experience, and so on, these ideas effectively provide or enhance the rationality, inevitability and correctness of the political system. Zhou Gong's political system is a system of system based on the political system, which is designed on the basis of the profit and loss, and covers the aspects of ethics, economy, law and social life. The system and code of conduct, including the basic framework of the framework, including the specific rules and regulations. The political system of Zhou Gong realized the secularization of the traditional "Rites", including the feudal system, the patriarchal system, the inheritance system of the eldest son, the well field system, the township attempt under the administrative division, and the other etiquette systems, such as the pilgrimage system, the service of the Guinea, the drinking rites of the townships and the ceremony, The first three systems, as the basic system of the big net of the Western Zhou Dynasty, have profound influence on the political and ecological environment of the Western Zhou society. The political system of Zhou Gong's political system has a profound political practicality of maintaining class rule and the moral rationality of creating a sense of social responsibility. The rule society and the political power of the Zhou Dynasty were consolidated. The historic value of Zhou Gong's political system lies in its originality and foundation. It is the source of the development of the ancient Chinese political system and the basic framework for the development of the system. It shaped the emphasis on the governance of the traditional Chinese political culture, the service of the king's power, the prominence of the rence and the people. This is the main spiritual content of harmony and so on. It is a magnificent treasure of the Chinese nation. The design of Zhou Gong's political system contains rich political philosophy, political wisdom and political skills. Many of them have important enlightenment and reference to the current political development, and can be applied to the creative transformation of them. National governance, political and democratic development and other major issues.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D621

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