失独群体的社会救助制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 09:53

本文选题：失独 + 失独群体　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪80年代,计划生育政策成为中国的基本国策。政策实施的积极效果有目共睹。但是,人们却忽视了在政策实施的背后其实是风险暗涌。随着计划生育的全面贯彻,中国产生了数以亿计的独生子女家庭。这些家庭承担着人口总量风险碎化和转移的责任,却又将面临着碎片化风险的大规模爆发。独生子女一旦因疾病死亡或因意外身故,整个家庭将坠入绝望的深渊。这不仅带给失独父母经济和心理上的巨大打击,从长期来看,更严重影响他们的可持续生计。不幸的是,随着计划生育政策实施周期的拉长,失独家庭的数量和规模逐年增加,正在形成一个庞大的失独群体。根据卫生部发布的《2010中国卫生统计年鉴》的数据显示,中国现有失独家庭总量已经超过百万,并且逐年增加。失独群体是计划生育政策的执行者和响应者,不应该独自承担政策带来的负面效应,更不应该独自面对未来经济、生活特别是医疗和养老等方面的新的社会风险。国家和政府有责任关注和保护这一特殊的弱势群体,而建立失独群体的社会救助制度更是应有之义。对于失独群体社会救助制度进行研究,不但能够推动我国社会救助制度的不断完善,而且对于探索中国未来老龄化社会的发展路径具有重要的意义。本研究紧紧围绕失独群体的生存现状和当前失独群体的社会救助现状进行针对性的分析,希望通过对这两个问题的讨论来研究构建失独群体社会救助制度的路径选择。本研究的主要观点:(1)失独群体,一个具有明显中国特色的弱势群体,在经济、日常生活和精神方面遭受困境,并且面临着养老和医疗两大风险;(2)当前失独群体的社会救助虽然在一定程度上发挥作用,但是却存在着碎片化、水平低、单一化、滞后性和定位不明等缺陷;(3)构建失独群体的社会救助制度有利于缓解社会矛盾,预防社会风险,是维护社会和谐稳定和全面建设小康社会的应有之义;(4)构建失独群体的社会救助制度应遵循公平性、普遍性与选择性相结合、多样性、政府主导、施救与自救相结合等原则;(5)失独群体的社会救助体系主要包含经济救助、日常生活救助和精神救助;(6)在构建失独群体社会救助制度时应当注意资金来源、城乡二元化以及将来与其他社会保障制度的衔接等问题。
[Abstract]:In the 1980 s, family planning policy became China's basic national policy. The positive effect of the policy implementation is obvious to all. However, people ignore the risk behind the implementation of the policy. With the full implementation of family planning, China has produced hundreds of millions of only-child families. These families bear the responsibility of population risk fragmentation and transfer, but will face a large-scale outbreak of fragmentation risk. If an only child dies of illness or accidental death, the family will fall into despair. This has not only dealt a huge financial and psychological blow to parents who have lost their independence, but has also seriously affected their sustainable livelihoods in the long run. Unfortunately, with the extension of family planning policy implementation cycle, the number and size of families without independence is increasing year by year, which is forming a large group. According to data released by the Ministry of Health in the China Health Statistics Yearbook 2010, the total number of families without independence in China has exceeded one million and has increased year by year. The group without independence is the executor and responder of the family planning policy, and should not bear the negative effects brought by the policy alone, let alone face the new social risks in the future economy, life, especially medical treatment and old-age care. The state and government have the responsibility to pay attention to and protect this special vulnerable group, and it is necessary to establish the social assistance system for the group without independence. The research on the social assistance system of the group without independence can not only promote the continuous improvement of the social assistance system of our country, but also have important significance for exploring the development path of the aging society in China in the future. This study focuses on the existing situation of the disenfranchised group and the current situation of social assistance for the deprived group, hoping to study the path choice of constructing the social assistance system of the deprived group through the discussion of these two issues. The main point of this study is that: (1) the group without independence, a vulnerable group with obvious Chinese characteristics, suffers from difficulties in economic, daily life and spiritual aspects. And facing the two major risks of old-age and medical care, although the current social assistance for the disenfranchised group has played a role to a certain extent, there is fragmentation, low level, and singularity. The construction of social assistance system for the group without independence is conducive to alleviating social contradictions and preventing social risks. It is necessary to maintain social harmony and stability and build a well-off society in an all-round way) to construct a social assistance system for the group without independence should follow the principles of fairness, universality and selectivity, diversity and government leadership. The social assistance system of the group without independence mainly includes economic assistance, daily life assistance and spiritual assistance. In the process of constructing the social aid system for the lost independence group, attention should be paid to the sources of funds. The dualization of urban and rural areas and the future convergence with other social security systems and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.1;D669.1

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