近代中国公民参政权变迁研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 18:07

本文选题：近代中国 + 公民　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公民参政权于近代中国而言是舶来品,参政权在中国经历了一个从无到有,从最初的部分公民拥有到全体公民拥有的过程,近代中国用了近四十年进行理论到实践的尝试,这个过程值得研究。此外,公民参政权在政治实践中陷入困境,困境透露出的问题也值得研究。本文主要分为六个部分:第一部分主要对近代中国公民参政权的相关研究现状、研究意义进行说明。第二部分主要介绍参政权从西方输入中国——统治者接受参政权——参政权于中国生根的过程,并简要叙述参政权的基本内容。第三部分采用规范分析的方法,研究公民参政权在近代中国法律规范中的变迁,参政权在基本法中呈现的变化是,参政权主体的范围、参政权的形式、对参政权进行限制的措辞都在不断完善。在非基本法中,以选举权与被选举权为视角进行研究,逐步取消了对参政权性别、财产、职业、学识、经验、品德等限制。第四部分分析参政权在近代中国公民的政治实践中的困境,当权者通过破坏选举、控制结社、镇压请愿等方式不断的侵害公民的参政权。第五部分,主要探析近代中国公民参政权变迁与传统社会生态之间的关系。首先,参政权从无到有,在规范中不断完善,是权力被迫向权利妥协的结果。其次,权力向权利的妥协始终是在内忧外患危机的大背景下被迫地妥协,因此,参政权在近代中国无法茁壮成长,尤其是在政治实践中总是遭到侵害。公民参政权是民主政治的重要内容,西方的民主政治衍生于契约社会,而传统中国一直是身份社会,在身份社会里贸然移植西方的民主制度,只会产生“橘生淮南则为橘,橘生淮北则为枳”的效果。传统中国超稳定的一元权力体系留下诸多残存,近代中国不同的政治力量始终追求国家权力的一元化,为此,他们采用或武力的,法律的手段,试图将国家的公共权力牢牢地控制在自己的手里,然后以自己为权力体系的“原点”进行权力的再分配。近代中国国会选举中舞弊、贿选等现象,以及对结社、请愿等政治参与活动的破坏,正是追求一元权力的结果。在民族危机的大背景之下,国家主义始终占据主流,国家主义认为先有国家自由,再有个人自由,因此如果公民的参政行为与国家自由相抵触,参政权就受到限制。中国传统政治法律文化追求天人和谐,追求统治秩序的稳定,法律只是维持统治秩序的工具,因此当公民的政治参与行为危及统治秩序时,必然要让位于“秩序”。故近代中国公民参政权在变迁中呈现着在规范中完善,在实践中遭受限制的境遇。第六部分是结语,对上文的内容进行简要总结,并提出对未来研究的展望。
[Abstract]:Civil participation in political power is an import in modern China, where participation has gone through a process from scratch, from the initial part of the citizens to the ownership of all citizens. Modern China has spent nearly 40 years trying to go from theory to practice. This process is worth studying. In addition, the political practice of citizen participation in political practice into a dilemma, difficult problems revealed by the problem is worth studying. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part mainly explains the research status and significance of modern Chinese citizens' participation in political power. The second part mainly introduces the process of bringing the political power into China from the west-the rulers accept it-taking root in China, and briefly narrates the basic content of the political participation. The third part uses the method of normative analysis to study the changes of citizens' participation in political power in modern China's legal norms. The change of political participation in the basic Law is the scope of the subject of political participation and the form of political participation. The language of restrictions on participation in power is constantly improving. In non-basic law, from the perspective of the right to vote and the right to be elected, the restrictions on gender, property, occupation, knowledge, experience and moral character of political participation were gradually abolished. The fourth part analyzes the dilemma of political participation in the political practice of Chinese citizens in modern times. Those in power encroach on citizens' political participation by destroying elections, controlling associations, suppressing petitions and so on. The fifth part mainly analyzes the relationship between the change of Chinese citizens' participation in political power and traditional social ecology. First of all, participation in power from scratch, constantly improve in the norms, is forced to compromise the power of the result. Secondly, the compromise of power to power is forced to compromise under the background of internal and external crisis. Therefore, political participation cannot thrive in modern China, especially in political practice. Civil participation in political power is an important part of democratic politics. Western democracy is derived from the contract society, while traditional China has always been an identity society. If we rashly transplant the western democratic system in the identity society, it will only produce "orange for Huainan". Orange Huaibei is the effect of "trifoliate orange". The traditional ultra-stable monolithic power system in China has left much to be desired. In modern China, different political forces have always pursued the unification of state power. For this reason, they have adopted force or legal means. Attempts to firmly control the state's public power in their own hands, and then use themselves as the "origin" of the power system to redistribute power. In modern China, the phenomena of fraud and bribery in the election of parliament, as well as the destruction of political participation such as association and petition, are the result of the pursuit of monistic power. Against the background of national crisis, nationalism has always occupied the mainstream. Nationalism holds that there is national freedom and personal freedom first. Therefore, if citizens' participation in politics conflicts with national freedom, political participation will be restricted. Chinese traditional political and legal culture pursues harmony between man and nature and stability of ruling order. Law is only a tool to maintain ruling order. Therefore, when citizens' political participation endangers the ruling order, they must give way to "order". Therefore, modern Chinese citizens' participation in political power in the vicissitude presents the situation of perfection in norms and restriction in practice. The sixth part is the conclusion, briefly summarizes the content of the above, and puts forward the prospect of future research.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D621.5

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