当代中国协商民主实践体系研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 20:50

本文选题：协商民主 + 民主实践　；参考：《山西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：如果以2002年哈贝马斯在中国大学做有关协商民主的主题演讲为起点，协商民主理论在中国的萌芽成长，已经走过了近14个年头。十年后，在党的十八大报告上，协商民主建设被赫然列为推进中国政治改革的第二项任务。由此新的协商民主研究风潮在学界蔚然兴起。如何借鉴西方协商民主理论，推动中国民主政治建设？通过对相关文献的梳理、研究，笔者给出的答案是要推进中国协商民主实践体系建设。当代中国协商民主的实践之所以被称之为一个体系，可以从实践层面和实践内容两方面进行理解。从协商民主实践的层面来讲，需要从宏观、中观、微观三个层面进行分析。协商民主在中国的实践广泛存在于我国的各个层面。从宏观的基本国家制度，如人民代表大会制度、多党合作和政治协商制度，到中观的以政府为主导的各类行政协商民主形式，再到微观的基层协商民主自治形式，，还有覆盖三个层次的中国共产党的党内协商民主，协商民主广泛应用于我国的民主政治生活当中。从协商民主的实践内容来看，主要是通过立法、行政、司法三大权力内容进行分析。协商民主是我国执政党重要的民主政治生活方式，同时广泛地存在于我国重要的政治制度设计当中。通过民主协商的政治机制，影响人民代表大会的立法、决议过程；通过对议案的确定以及协商程序，多党合作和政治协商制度影响着国家大政方针的制定；通过政府、社会组织、公民等多元主体的协商参与，影响着政府对于公共决策的制定、实施；通过基层自治组织的民主协商，确保着普通公众对于公共生活的影响力。我们可以看到，无论是法律的确定、权力的行使、还是对公共政策的监督评价，既有民主党派、政协委员的参政议政，也有普通公民的公共建议，这些都是我国具体而丰富的协商民主实践形式。综上所述，协商民主在我国的实践，是一个涵盖领域广阔、形式表现丰富、各系统有机联系的完整体系。本论文首先论述了协商民主的相关理论来源、理论基础、概念特征、价值意义，对其理论内容进行了介绍。接着概要阐述了当代协商民主实践体系的七部分具体内容。包括党内协商民主、人民代表大会的协商民主、政治协商制度、党际协商民主、行政协商民主、基层协商民主、网络问政与协商民主。然后通过在结构和内容上对协商民主实践体系存在的问题和原因进行分析，描述了当代中国协商民主实践的发展困境。最后从协商民主理论以及运行机制、协商民主政治文化的建设、构建中国协商民主实践体系、协商民主实践形式的互动研究四个方面，论述了如何完善我国协商民主实践体系，推动中国民主政治发展。
[Abstract]:If Habermas gave a keynote speech on deliberative democracy in Chinese universities in 2002, the theory of deliberative democracy has grown in China for nearly 14 years. Ten years later, in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of deliberative democracy was listed as the second task of promoting China's political reform. Therefore, a new trend of deliberative democratic research has arisen in academic circles. How to draw lessons from the western theory of negotiated democracy to promote the construction of democratic politics in China? By combing the relevant documents and studying, the author gives the answer to promote the construction of China's deliberative democracy practice system. The practice of contemporary Chinese deliberative democracy is called a system, which can be understood from the aspect of practice and practice. From the perspective of the practice of deliberative democracy, it needs to be analyzed from three levels: macro, meso and micro. The practice of deliberative democracy in China exists widely in all levels of our country. From macroscopic basic state systems, such as the system of people's congresses, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation, to the various forms of democracy of administrative consultation dominated by the government in the meso, to the microcosmic form of democratic autonomy of consultation at the grass-roots level. There are three levels of the Communist Party of China's inner-party consultative democracy, which is widely used in China's democratic political life. From the point of view of the practical content of deliberative democracy, it is mainly analyzed through the three major powers of legislation, administration and judicature. Deliberative democracy is an important democratic political life style of the ruling party in our country, and widely exists in the important political system design of our country at the same time. To influence the legislative and resolution process of the people's Congress through the political mechanism of democratic consultation; to influence the formulation of national policies through the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation through the determination of bills and consultation procedures; and through the government, The consultation and participation of social organizations, citizens and other pluralistic subjects affect the government's making and implementation of public decisions; through democratic consultation of grass-roots autonomous organizations, the influence of ordinary public on public life is ensured. We can see that the determination of the law, the exercise of power, and the supervision and evaluation of public policies include the participation of democratic parties and CPPCC members in political affairs, as well as the public suggestions of ordinary citizens. These are the concrete and rich practical forms of consultative democracy in our country. To sum up, the practice of deliberative democracy in our country is a complete system covering a wide range of fields, rich in forms and organic connection between various systems. This paper first discusses the theoretical origin, theoretical basis, conceptual characteristics and value significance of deliberative democracy, and introduces its theoretical content. Then it outlines the seven parts of the contemporary deliberative democratic practice system. It includes inner-party consultation democracy, people's Congress consultation democracy, political consultation system, inter-party consultation democracy, administrative consultation democracy, grass-roots consultative democracy, network governance and consultative democracy. Then, by analyzing the problems and reasons in the system of deliberative democracy practice in structure and content, this paper describes the predicament of the development of the practice of consultative democracy in contemporary China. Finally, from four aspects: the theory and operation mechanism of consultative democracy, the construction of negotiated democratic political culture, the construction of Chinese consultative democratic practice system and the interactive study of the form of consultative democratic practice, this paper discusses how to perfect the consultative democratic practice system in China. To promote the development of democratic politics in China.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D627

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