劳动力转移背景下农村留守老人养老问题研究
发布时间:2018-06-18 22:45
本文选题:劳动力转移 + 农村留守老人 ; 参考:《河北师范大学》2015年硕士论文
【摘要】:目前,我国社会保障体系还很不完善,农村家庭养老模式仍占农村养老的很大比重,子女承担了主要的农村老人的赡养义务。然而20世纪80年代以来,伴随着我国经济的快速发展和城镇化进程的不断加快,农村外出务工劳动人员逐年增长,农村劳动力由农村向城市或城镇进行转移已经成为一种不可逆转的新趋势。日益加剧的农村劳动力转移现象的出现,一方面是一个国家和社会现代化发展的必经阶段,在一定程度上促进了经济的发展和社会的进步;另一方面,由于农村老龄化程度的加深,劳动力转移引起的产业结构和劳动力结构的变化,传统的家庭养老模式越来越不能满足农村老年人的养老需求,农村留守老人的物质和精神生活出现的问题日益凸显,严重影响了我国农村养老保障的发展。因此,关注农村留守老人的养老问题具有重要的现实意义。本文主要以农村留守老人为研究对象,通过运用经济学、管理学、社会学等相关理论,从劳动力转移对农村留守老人养老的影响入手,在实地调查与文献研究的基础上,通过分析农村留守老人养老现状及存在弊端,提出相关建议,希望希望能够为我国留守老人的养老问题研究贡献自己的微薄之力。具体而言,文章主要分为四部分。第一部分是重要概念界定和相关理论依据。本文通过对农村劳动力转移和农村留守老人、养老及养老保障的概念界定,以马斯洛需求层次理论、家庭生命周期理论、福利多元主义理论等理论为依据,阐述了农村留守老人养老问题的内涵。第二部分是劳动力转移对农村留守老人的影响分析。主要是包括四个方面:一是改善了养老环境;二是改变了养老观念;三是加重了留守老人的劳动强度;四是传统的养老模式受到冲击。总之,农村劳动力的大规模转移使我国农村留守老人的养老形势更加严峻。第三部分是劳动力背景下农村留守老人养老问题的实证研究。笔者在对以往有价值的相关文献和数据分析的基础上,以问卷调查、个案访谈为主要研究方法,对河北省抚宁县河西村的留守老人的养老状况进行了实地调研,深入了解和考察了当前留守老人的生活现状。主要从经济供养、生活照料、精神慰藉、社区支持四个方面进行调查,并在此基础上分析出农村劳动力转移背景下农村留守老人养老存在的主要困境,即农村留守老人养老制度保障不完善,保障水平低;留守老人的养老需求得不到满足;社会化养老功能未充分发挥等等。第四部分是针对留守老人存在的养老问题,提出相关建议。在理论和实证研究的基础上,针对农村留守老人当前的养老困境,提出了建立健全农村养老保障制度、不断推进农业产业化经营、促进多元化养老的发展等措施,从而改善农村留守老人的养老状况,使其能够安享晚年。
[Abstract]:At present, the social security system of our country is still very imperfect, the rural family old-age support model still accounts for a large proportion of the rural old-age support, children bear the main rural elderly support obligations. However, since the 1980s, with the rapid development of our economy and the accelerating process of urbanization, the number of migrant workers in rural areas has increased year by year. The transfer of rural labor force from countryside to city or town has become an irreversible new trend. The increasing phenomenon of rural labor force transfer is, on the one hand, the necessary stage of the modernization of a country and society, and to a certain extent promotes the development of economy and society, on the other hand, Because of the deepening of the rural aging degree and the changes of the industrial structure and the labor structure caused by the labor force transfer, the traditional family pension model can not meet the needs of the elderly in rural areas more and more. The problems in the material and spiritual life of the elderly left behind in rural areas have become increasingly prominent, which has seriously affected the development of rural old-age security in China. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to pay attention to the old-age problem of the elderly left behind in rural areas. This article mainly takes the rural left-behind elderly as the research object, through the use of economics, management, sociology and other related theories, starting from the labor force transfer on the rural left-behind elderly pension, on the basis of field investigation and literature research. Through the analysis of the present situation and drawbacks of the old-age care for the left-behind elderly in rural areas, this paper puts forward some relevant suggestions, hoping to contribute their own modest contribution to the study of the old-age problem of the left-behind elderly in our country. Specifically, the article is divided into four parts. The first part is the definition of important concepts and relevant theoretical basis. This paper defines the concepts of rural labor force transfer and rural left-behind elderly, old-age care and old-age security, based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, family life cycle theory, welfare pluralism theory and so on. This paper expounds the connotation of the problem of old-age care for the elderly left behind in rural areas. The second part is the analysis of the influence of labor force transfer on the rural left-behind elderly. It mainly includes four aspects: one is to improve the environment for the aged; the other is to change the concept of the aged; third, to increase the labor intensity of the elderly left behind; fourth, to impact the traditional old-age model. In short, the large-scale transfer of rural labor force makes the old-age care situation more severe. The third part is an empirical study on the problem of the elderly left behind in rural areas under the background of labor force. On the basis of the valuable literature and data analysis in the past, based on the questionnaire survey and case interview, the author conducted a field investigation on the old-age care status of the left-behind elderly in Hexi Village, Funing County, Hebei Province. Deeply understand and investigate the current living conditions of the elderly left behind. Mainly from the economic support, life care, spiritual comfort, community support four aspects of the investigation, and on the basis of this analysis of the rural labor transfer background, the main difficulties of the elderly left behind in rural areas, That is, the rural old-age pension system is not perfect, the level of security is low; the old-age needs of the left-behind elderly can not be met; the function of socialized old-age support is not fully played. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on the problem of the aged left behind. On the basis of theoretical and empirical research, this paper puts forward some measures to improve the rural old-age security system, to promote the industrialization of agriculture, and to promote the development of diversified old-age support, in view of the current plight of the elderly left behind in rural areas. So as to improve the old-age situation of the rural left-behind elderly, so that they can enjoy their old age.
【学位授予单位】:河北师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:D669.6
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