非传统安全视角下的欧洲难民问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 12:07

本文选题：非传统安全 + 欧洲难民　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入20世纪后,难民问题逐渐演变为一个世界性问题,牵动着国际社会的神经。从本质上来说,难民问题不仅代表着一个国家的政治、经济发展状况,还反映了地区安全与国际关系走向。根据联合国难民署的数据显示,截止到2015年,全球难民和国内流离失所者总数已突破6000万。也正是在2015年,欧洲迎来了二战后规模最大也是最严重的难民危机。欧洲难民问题是个老问题,最早可以追溯至两次世界大战期间。战争的创伤使欧洲承受了巨大的损失,也产生了上千万流离失所的难民。第二次世界大战结束以后,迎来了和平的欧洲上演了一场规模浩大的难民回归潮,同时也催生了有关国际难民法规的形成以及难民组织的成立。冷战时期,意识形态思维笼罩欧洲大陆,政治难民源源不断地向西北欧等经济稳定国家涌去。随着冷战的结束,民族和种族问题带来的地区冲突与战争频发,从而导致了大量的难民由于地缘政治等因素涌向欧洲,并在一定程度上促进了欧盟难民政策的不断演进。2015年涌入欧洲的难民呈现井喷式增长,给欧洲带来了沉重压力,不仅使欧洲各国纷纷一再收紧其难民政策,也暴露了欧盟在共同难民政策上的缺陷。本文主要是从非传统安全的角度出发,对欧洲难民问题产生的历史轨迹和2015年以来欧洲难民问题的新发展进行了详尽的分析和梳理,深入剖析了2015年以来欧洲难民问题突爆的诱因及其影响,并尝试提出欧洲难民问题解决的新路径。第一部分主要阐述了非传统安全的概念和理论内涵,及其对国际政治的影响。第二部分以二战结束为节点,详尽梳理了欧洲难民问题发展的四个阶段。第三部分重点剖析了此次欧洲难民问题突爆的诱因,即欧美大国博弈,欧盟本身难民制度与政策的缺陷和难民来源地自身等因素。第四部分则是揭示了欧洲难民问题在国家、欧盟以及全球三个层面的影响。最后,尝试指出了解决此次难民问题的途径,即欧洲国家强化集体意识、共同承担责任、欧盟共同难民政策实现新整合以及强化全球意识、加强国际合作。
[Abstract]:After entering the 20th century, the refugee problem has gradually evolved into a worldwide problem, which affects the nerve of the international community. In essence, the refugee problem not only represents the political and economic development of a country, but also reflects the trend of regional security and international relations. By 2015, the global number of refugees and internally displaced persons had topped 60 million, according to UNHCR. It was in 2015 that Europe saw its largest and worst refugee crisis after World War II. The problem of refugees in Europe is an old one, dating back to the first two world wars. The trauma of the war has left Europe with enormous losses and tens of millions of displaced refugees. After the end of World War II, a huge wave of refugees returned to Europe in a peaceful Europe, which also led to the formation of international refugee laws and the establishment of refugee organizations. During the Cold War, ideological thinking shrouded the continent, and political refugees poured into Western Europe and other economically stable countries. With the end of the cold war, regional conflicts and wars brought about by ethnic and racial problems occurred frequently, which resulted in a large number of refugees flocking to Europe due to geopolitical factors. To some extent, it has contributed to the continuous evolution of EU refugee policy. The influx of refugees into Europe in 2015 has shown a blowout growth, which has brought heavy pressure to Europe, not only has it caused European countries to tighten their refugee policies one after another, It also exposed the EU's shortcomings in its common refugee policy. From the perspective of non-traditional security, this paper makes a detailed analysis and analysis of the historical track of refugee problems in Europe and the new development of refugee problems in Europe since 2015. This paper analyzes the causes and effects of the sudden explosion of refugee problems in Europe since 2015, and tries to put forward a new way to solve the refugee problems in Europe. The first part mainly expounds the concept and theoretical connotation of non-traditional security and its influence on international politics. The second part, taking the end of World War II as the node, combs the four stages of the development of European refugee problem in detail. The third part focuses on the causes of the sudden explosion of the European refugee problem, namely, the game between the European and American powers, the defects of the European Union's own refugee system and policy, and the origin of the refugees themselves. The fourth part reveals the impact of the European refugee problem at the national, EU and global levels. Finally, the paper tries to point out the ways to solve the refugee problem, that is, the European countries should strengthen their collective consciousness, share the responsibility, realize the new integration of the European Union's common refugee policy, strengthen the global consciousness, and strengthen the international cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.6

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