冷战之后拉美左翼政党研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 04:44

本文选题：左翼 + 拉美左翼政党　；参考：《西北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战结束之后,左翼政党遭受打击,苏联解体,左翼国家改弦易张,西方世界意识形态在全球扩张。而南美洲大陆却是另一番景象,拉美左翼政党在经历短暂的蛰伏之后,纷纷上台执政,左翼运动开展的如火如荼。这些政权(除古巴外)均通过民主方式上台,同时这些左翼政府大多倾向于务实主义的政策,而这些政权之间又具有较高的凝聚力,并在委内瑞拉前总统查韦斯的牵头下组建了多个区域组织。正是在这种政治背景下,我开始对拉美左翼政党问题进行研究。左翼力量在拉美政坛过去十多年的崛起是继拉美民主化浪潮之后的重要政治发展,在后查韦斯时期拉美左翼运动不会停滞但将面临调整;左派执政的社会基础仍然存在,但是仍然面临着反对党的挑战、民主巩固依旧是执政党需要解决的难题。进入21世纪以来,一批左翼政府的崛起导致了拉美政治版图的大改组,并标志着一股新的变革潮流的出现。这些左翼政党究竟属于何种性质?它们为何能在拉美政治舞台上崛起?它们领导的政府究竟实行了哪些变革?其前景如何?对国际政治又有什么影响?本题试图围绕这些问题进行一些分析和探讨。本文主体由四部分内容构成,第一部分对拉美左翼概念进行界定、拉美左翼政党的兴起与发展做了梳理;第二部分对拉美左翼政党的理论基础进行分析,包括拉美左翼流派的分类,拉美左翼运动产生的理论基础以及拉美左翼理论的发展;第三部分对拉美左翼政党在冷战前后的变化进行分析,包括冷战前后左翼政党政治纲领比较,左翼政党社会动员方式比较和政党关系比较;第四部分主要分析拉美左翼政党存在的挑战及对国际政治的影响,存在的挑战主要包括右翼势力竞争,执政党腐败,西方国家干涉和左翼政党自身欠缺科学系统的指导理念,左翼的影响主要体现在对国际政治格局和国际社会主义运动两方面。就未来发展而言,在美国将战略重心转向亚太地区后,拉美左翼政权可能赢得更广阔的国际发展空间,从而继续推进地区一体化趋势;就国际社会主义运动而言,拉美左翼政党虽然不是纯粹的马克思主义政党,但随着执政地位的提升,其对民众的影响力越来越深入,对国际社会主义运动必定起到积极作用。拉美左翼运动中古巴、巴西、智利等国家的共产党都提出建立本国特色的社会主义,并在执政期间取得可喜的政绩,政治民主化和经济现代化都取得了长足进步,这些都值得我们在研究中国特色社会主义道路的过程中借鉴学习,这也正是本文研究的意义所在。
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, left-wing parties were hit, the Soviet Union collapsed, left-wing states changed course, and the ideology of the western world expanded globally. South America is a different scene, where the left-wing party has come to power after a brief hibernation, and the left-wing movement is in full swing. These regimes (with the exception of Cuba) came to power in a democratic manner, while most of these left-wing governments tended to adopt pragmatic policies, and there was a high degree of cohesion between these regimes. And under the leadership of former Venezuelan President Hugo Ch 谩 vez, several regional organizations have been formed. It is against this political background that I began to study the issue of Latin American left-wing parties. The rise of left-wing forces in Latin American politics over the past decade or so has been an important political development after the wave of democratization in Latin America. In the post-Chavez period, the Latin American left-wing movement will not stagnate but will face adjustment. But the opposition still faces challenges, and democratic consolidation remains a problem for the ruling party. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the rise of a group of left-wing governments has led to a great reshuffle of Latin American political territory and marked the emergence of a new trend of change. What is the nature of these left-wing parties? Why did they rise on the political stage in Latin America? What changes have been made by the governments they lead? What are the prospects? What is the impact on international politics? This topic attempts to carry on some analysis and discussion around these problems. The main body of this paper is composed of four parts, the first part defines the concept of Latin American left wing, the rise and development of Latin American left-wing party, the second part analyzes the theoretical basis of Latin American left-wing party. Including the classification of left-wing schools in Latin America, the theoretical basis of the left-wing movement in Latin America and the development of left-wing theory in Latin America. The third part analyzes the changes of left-wing parties in Latin America before and after the Cold War. Including the comparison of the political programs of left-wing political parties before and after the Cold War, the comparison of social mobilization methods of left-wing parties and the comparison of political party relations; the fourth part mainly analyzes the challenges of left-wing political parties in Latin America and their influence on international politics. The challenges mainly include the competition of the right-wing forces, the corruption of the ruling party, the interference of the western countries and the lack of the guiding idea of the scientific system of the left-wing party itself. The influence of the left wing is mainly reflected in two aspects: the international political structure and the international socialist movement. In terms of future development, after the United States shifted its strategic focus to the Asia-Pacific region, the left-wing regime in Latin America may win wider international development space and thus continue to promote the trend of regional integration; as far as the international socialist movement is concerned, Although the left-wing political party in Latin America is not a pure Marxist party, with the improvement of its ruling position, its influence on the people is getting deeper and deeper, and it will certainly play a positive role in the international socialist movement. The Communists of Cuba, Brazil, Chile and other Latin American left-wing movements have all proposed building socialism with their own characteristics, and have made gratifying achievements during their ruling period. Political democratization and economic modernization have all made great progress. These are worthy of our study in the process of studying socialism with Chinese characteristics, which is the significance of this study.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D773

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