韩国现代化发展及对中国的借鉴意义

发布时间：2018-06-20 10:53

本文选题：韩国现代化 + 政府干预　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：一个国家的现代化主要表现为从传统社会向现代社会的物质的、制度的和观念上的进化,即经济现代化、政治现代化和文化现代化。其中,经济现代化包括经济增长、经济发展和工业化,在宏观经济领域体现为经济总量、经济结构、科技水平等各方面的进步,是制度进步和观念进步的基础,而政治现代化和文化现代化对经济现代化又起到着重要的反作用。政治现代化表现为政体民主化、政府清廉度提升、社会法制程度加深等等。而文化现代化表现为教育的普及、创新精神的盛行、自由、理性、科学、平等等观念的广泛认可等等。20世纪60年代起,韩国由一个经济濒临崩溃、资源极度匮乏的落后农业国,通过三十多年的努力,迅速成长为一个新兴的工业化国家,走完了西方国家花费上百年完成的工业化进程,同时在过程中实现了政治民主化的转型,教育得到长足发展,科技创新之风盛行,取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。本文在结构上主要分为四个部分。第一部分首先以学者的不同研究角度为分类依据,详细阐述了关于韩国现代化发展的国内外研究现状;其次,考察了现代化概念的基本含义与现代化理论的主要观点,对现代化进行了概念的界定。第二部分以政治格局的巨变、经济战略的转向以及其他重大事件为分阶段依据,将韩国现代化历程分为威权政府统治下的现代化起飞阶段、自由市场机制下的现代化腾飞阶段以及深度改革创新后的现代化突破阶段,从国际因素、经济、政治、思想教育等方面,多角度、多方位梳理总结了影响韩国现代化进程的政策举措与相应成效。第三部分从亮点与不足两个方面,提炼分析了韩国现代化发展进程中的经验与教训。经验主要体现在韩国政府在现代化中发挥了重要的主导作用,外向型经济战略为韩国现代化提供了源源不断的发展动力,以及科技创新的不断突破赋予了韩国日益强大的竞争力。教训主要体现在政府某些方面的过度干预造成了市场机制的弱化,财阀过度膨胀积重难返,引发了一系列社会不公现象,对外依赖度过高导致国际市场的变化易冲击影响韩国国内经济。第四部分是本文的重点部分。该部分首先从中国现代化取得的阶段性成就与存在的突出问题考察了中国现代化发展的现状。然后,结合中国实际情况与韩国的经验教训,从正确处理政府与市场间关系,科研创新驱动国家进步,教育发展提供强大人力支撑、产业升级转变国家发展模式、防范过度对外依赖五个方面对中国现代化发展提出了一些思考与建议。
[Abstract]:The modernization of a country is mainly manifested in the material, institutional and conceptual evolution from the traditional society to the modern society, that is, economic modernization, political modernization and cultural modernization. Among them, economic modernization, including economic growth, economic development and industrialization, is the basis for institutional progress and conceptual progress, which is reflected in the progress of the gross economic volume, the economic structure, and the level of science and technology in the macroeconomic field. Political modernization and cultural modernization play an important role in economic modernization. The political modernization is manifested in the democratization of the polity, the improvement of the clean government, the deepening of the social legal system and so on. And cultural modernization is manifested in the popularization of education, the prevalence of innovation spirit, the widespread acceptance of the concepts of freedom, rationality, science, equality, and so on. Since the 1960s, Korea has been a backward agricultural country with an economy on the verge of collapse and an extreme shortage of resources. After more than 30 years of efforts, they quickly grew into a newly industrialized country, and completed the industrialization process that the Western countries completed in hundreds of years. At the same time, they realized the transformation of political democratization and the rapid development of education in the process. The wind of science and technology innovation is prevailing, has obtained the tremendous achievement that attracts worldwide attention. The structure of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part, based on the different research angles of scholars, elaborates the current situation of the research on the development of Korean modernization at home and abroad. Secondly, it examines the basic meaning of the concept of modernization and the main viewpoints of the theory of modernization. The concept of modernization is defined. The second part divides the process of Korean modernization into the take-off stage under the rule of authoritarian government on the basis of the great change of political pattern, the turn of economic strategy and other important events. The stage of modernization taking off under the free market mechanism and the stage of modernization breakthrough after deep reform and innovation, from international factors, economic, political, ideological education, and other aspects, This paper summarizes the policy measures and corresponding results that affect the process of Korean modernization. The third part abstracts and analyzes the experiences and lessons in the process of Korean modernization development from two aspects: bright spot and deficiency. The experience is mainly reflected in the fact that the Korean government has played an important leading role in modernization, and the export-oriented economic strategy has provided a continuous development power for South Korea's modernization. And the continuous breakthrough in scientific and technological innovation has given South Korea increasingly strong competitiveness. The lessons are mainly reflected in the weakening of the market mechanism caused by excessive government intervention in certain aspects, and the accumulation of excessive expansion of the chaebol, which has led to a series of social injustices. Overdependence on foreign countries leads to changes in international markets that can easily impact South Korea's domestic economy. The fourth part is the key part of this paper. The first part examines the current situation of China's modernization development from the stage achievements and outstanding problems of China's modernization. Then, according to the actual situation in China and South Korea's experience and lessons, from correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market, scientific research and innovation drive national progress, education development provides strong human support, industrial upgrading changes the national development model. This paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the development of China's modernization from the five aspects of preventing excessive dependence on foreign countries.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D731.26

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