协商民主视角下人民政协制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 20:27

【摘要】：民主价值具有普遍性,它是人类美好的梦想。我国是社会主义国家,追求和发展人民民主是我国政治文明建设的主要内容。民主的形式具有多样性,人们可以根据具体的历史和实践条件进行创造和选择。相对于传统的民主形式而言,协商民主具有独特的功能,是一种新的民主形式。我国倡导和发展社会主义协商民主。西方的协商民主理论,经过扬弃之后,可以成为我国民主建设的他山之石。我国强调社会主义民主形式的多样化,一方面认为选举民主与协商民主是社会主义民主两种重要的形式,同时要求协商民主应该全方位、多层次扩展。我国的人民政协具有深厚的理论渊源和长期的历史实践经验。从社会主义基本理论的角度来看,它的理论渊源主要是马克思、恩格斯、列宁以及中国共产党主要领导人的经典著作中的统一战线和人民民主理论。协商政治的有关形式是人民政协政治协商的前身。从这个角度看,中国的协商政治的历史实践从清末预备立宪就开始了,历经了 100多年;期间既有清政府挽救危亡的预备立宪协商机制、大革命时期国共第一次合作的协商机制、抗日救亡时期国共第二次合作的协商机制、抗战胜利后争取和平建国命运的重庆谈判时期的协商机制、解放战争争取建立新中国的人民政协的协商机制,也有新中国建立之初和社会主义时期人民政协的协商机制。百年的协商政治以及六十多年的人民政协的历史实践,给了中国人深刻的启示,它向世人宣示:民主梦想是中国人的美好梦想和一贯追求;协商政治和人民政协在中国具有客观的现实意义,具有很高的威信:它也展现了作为协商民主重要组织的人民政协自身的诸多特色。在社会主义市民社会逐步形成与发展的情形下,将人民政协作为我国发扬社会主义协商民主的重要组织机构是必要的,在政治方面、社会方面以及公民个人方面都能发挥积极的功能。在政治方面,它有利于提升政治合法性、监督公共权力、提高决策的质量和决策执行的效果、解决政治冲突与缓和政治矛盾、改善政府形象与提高行政效能,同时也是人民政协改革与完善的新视角。在社会方面,它有利于吸纳社会的多元利益与维护社会公平正义、化解社会矛盾与推动有序参与、形成社会共识与净化社会风气以及培育公民社会的发展。在公民个人方面,它有利于增强公民的主体意识和责任感、增进公民个人的知识和能力、增进公民个人的理性,培育现代意义的公民。将人民政协作为我国发扬社会主义协商民主的重要组织机构是可行的。我国的公有制为主体的经济基础、传统的“和合”与“和谐”的文化理念、人民政权的建立与安定团结的政治局面为其提供了外在条件。人民政协自身的主体范围的广泛性与地位的平等性、协商机构与组织的完备性、协商机制的程序化与制度化以及协商结论的权威性与有效性等特色为其提供了特有条件。人民政协依照宪法与政协章程以及相关的规范,积极展开各种活动,进行有效运行。人民政协拥有政治协商、民主监督与参政议政三大职能。为了人民政协积极履行三大职能、很好的发挥其在社会主义协商民主中的作用,人民政协的主体性结构与会议、活动制度得到了必要的建设。在新的历史条件下,应当充分利用人民政协这个重要的组织机构,结合当前变化发展了的、有利的政治经济文化以及人民政协自身的各项条件,积极促进我国协商民主的发展。同时,应当对人民政协进行与时俱进的改革和发展。改革涉及到人民政协的性质定位、功能定位以及有关人民政协的组织、活动和法制化等各方面。
[Abstract]:The democratic value is universal, it is a beautiful dream of mankind. Our country is a socialist country. The pursuit and development of people's democracy is the main content of the construction of political civilization in our country. The form of democracy is diverse and people can create and choose according to the specific historical and practical conditions. Democracy has a unique function and a new form of democracy. China advocates and develops socialist consultative democracy. After abandonment, Western consultative democratic theory can be a stone for the construction of democracy in our country. China emphasizes the diversity of socialist democratic forms. On the one hand, the election and consultative democracy are the social owners. The two important forms of justice democracy require that the consultative democracy should be omni-directional and multi-level. The Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference has a profound theoretical origin and long-term historical experience. From the perspective of the basic theory of socialism, its theoretical origin is mainly Marx, Engels, Lenin and the main leaders of the Communist Party of China. The united front and the people's democratic theory in the classic works are the predecessor of the political consultative consultative consultation of the people's Political Consultative Conference. From this point of view, the historical practice of China's consultative politics began to prepare constitutionalism from the end of the Qing Dynasty. It has lasted for more than 100 years; during the period, it has both the preparatory constitutional consultation mechanism of the Qing government to save the peril and the great revolution. The consultation mechanism of the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, the consultation mechanism of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party during the Anti Japanese and national salvation period, the negotiation mechanism of the Chongqing negotiation period after the victory of the war of resistance for the peace and the founding of the people's Republic of China, the liberation war striving for the establishment of the consultative mechanism of the people's Political Consultative Conference of new China, and the people's Political Consultative Conference at the beginning of the founding of new China and the socialist period. The consultative mechanism, the consultative politics of a hundred years and the historical practice of the more than 60 years of the people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) have given the Chinese people a profound revelation. It shows that the dream of democracy is a beautiful dream and a consistent pursuit of the Chinese people; consultative politics and the people's Political Consultative Conference in China have an objective reality and a high prestige. In the case of the gradual formation and development of the socialist civil society, the people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), as an important organization for the development of socialist democratic consultative democracy, is necessary for the people's Political Consultative Conference of the people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), an important organization of democratic important organizations, to play an active role in political, social and civil affairs. On the other hand, it is beneficial to the promotion of political legitimacy, the supervision of the public power, the improvement of the quality of decision-making and the effect of decision making, the solution of political conflict and the easing of political contradictions, the improvement of government image and the improvement of administrative efficiency, and a new perspective of the reform and improvement of the people's Political Consultative Conference. In the social aspect, it is conducive to the absorption of the pluralistic interests of the society and Maintaining social fairness and justice, resolving social contradictions and promoting orderly participation, forming social consensus and purifying social atmosphere, and fostering the development of civil society. On the individual side of the citizen, it is beneficial to enhance the consciousness and sense of responsibility of the citizens, enhance the knowledge and power of the individual, enhance the rationality of the individual and cultivate the modern significance. It is feasible to take the people's Political Consultative Conference as an important organization of socialist consultative democracy in our country. The public ownership of our country is the economic basis of the main body. The traditional cultural concept of "harmony" and "harmony", the establishment of the people's political power and the political situation of stability and unity provide the external conditions for the people's Political Consultative Conference. The universality of the scope and status, the completeness of the consultative organization and organization, the procedure and the institutionalization of the consultation mechanism, and the authority and effectiveness of the conclusion of consultation provide special conditions for it. The CPPCC actively launches various activities in accordance with the Constitution and the articles of association of the CPPCC and the related norms, and carries out effective operation. The Civil Affairs Association has three functions of political consultation, democratic supervision and participation in political and political affairs. In order to perform the three functions of the CPPCC actively, it is good to play its role in the socialist consultative democracy. The main structure of the CPPCC and the conference and the system of activities have been necessary. Under the new historical conditions, the civil affairs should be fully utilized. Combining the important organizational structure with the current changes, favorable political and economic culture and the conditions of the people's Political Consultative Conference, we should actively promote the development of democratic consultative democracy in China. At the same time, we should carry out the reform and development of the people's Political Consultative Conference with the times. The organization, activities and legalization of the CPPCC.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D627

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