政府购买青少年社区教育服务的困境及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 15:27

【摘要】：政府的本质在于提供公共服务,满足公共需求,但政府不一定直接生产公共服务,也可以向私人部门、第三部门“购买”公共服务。政府购买是指政府为履行公共服务职能,以契约方式按照公开、公平、公正的方式和程序将一部分公共服务事务交由符合条件的社会机构承担,并依据服务的数量与质量向其支付费用。青少年社区教育是面向社区内青少年群体开展的各种形式的教育活动,旨在服务青少年成长成才,服务社区可持续发展。但现有的青少年社区教育服务形式单一,难以满足社区居民多元化的学习需求。以合同外包、凭证制等方式购买青少年社区教育服务顺应了社会转型期的社会变化,契合了教育治理的现实要求,将有效缓解社区教育的供需矛盾,推动学习型社会的建构。政府购买青少年社区教育服务在南京、无锡等多地已取得实效,杭州的教育券模式更是取得了长足发展。但政府、社会组织、社会公众三大利益相关者之间仍存在参与障碍、制度障碍和能力障碍,让政府购买陷入了困境,具体表现在:购买方职能转变任重而道远、承接方参与能力有待提高、学习者参与意识有待加强、第三方监督评估能力薄弱四个方面。究其成因,既有管理制度、保障机制缺失等政治因素,也有资金短缺等经济因素,也有认知不足、认知偏差等社会因素,更有绩效评估有效性不足等技术因素。政府购买青少年社区教育服务的出路在于政府、社会组织、社会公众三方的全面改革,包括转变政府观念、健全法律法规、加强社会组织能力建设等等。
[Abstract]:The essence of government is to provide public services and meet public needs, but the government does not necessarily directly produce public services, but can also "buy" public services from the private sector and the third sector. Government purchase means that in order to perform the functions of public service, the government, in accordance with the open, fair and just manner and procedure, will hand over part of the public service affairs to the eligible social organization by way of contract. And according to the quantity and quality of the service to pay their fees. Juvenile community education is a kind of educational activities aimed at young people in the community. It aims to serve the growth of young people and the sustainable development of the community. However, the existing youth community education service form is single, it is difficult to meet the diverse learning needs of community residents. The purchase of community education services for teenagers by contract outsourcing and voucher system conforms to the social changes in the period of social transformation, meets the practical requirements of educational governance, and will effectively alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of community education and promote the construction of a learning society. In Nanjing and Wuxi, the government has made great achievements in purchasing community education service for young people, and Hangzhou's education voucher model has made great progress. However, there are still barriers to participation, institutional barriers and ability barriers among the three major stakeholders of the government, social organizations and the public, which make the government purchase into a dilemma, which is manifested in: the buyer has a long way to go in the transformation of his functions. The participation ability of the undertaking should be improved, the learner's participation consciousness should be strengthened, and the third party's ability to supervise and evaluate is weak. There are not only political factors such as management system, lack of security mechanism, but also economic factors such as shortage of funds, social factors such as cognitive deficiency, cognitive bias, and technical factors such as insufficient effectiveness of performance evaluation and so on. The way out for the government to purchase the community education service for young people lies in the comprehensive reform of the government, social organizations and the public, including changing the concept of the government, perfecting laws and regulations, strengthening the capacity-building of social organizations, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.5

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