冷战后美国对东北亚安全认知的演变（1991-2012）

发布时间：2018-08-04 21:28

【摘要】：认知安全环境，进而觉察、界定敌友是美国制定国家安全战略及地区战略的起点。冷战结束后，伴随着美苏两极对峙格局的结束，东北亚的安全形势开始发生巨大变化，这意味美国必须重新认知东北亚的安全形势，判断敌友力量，从而为其制定东北亚安全战略提供依据。本文主要考察了冷战后老布什政府后期至奥巴马政府第一任期美国对东北亚安全认知的演变。第一章主要分析了老布什政府末期到克林顿政府时期美国政府对东北亚多元安全威胁的认知。此段时期是东北亚从“冷战”时代向“后冷战”时代的转型期。面对苏联这一核心威胁的消失，美国开始以一种多元安全观重新审视东北亚。中国在美国的安全认知视野中经历了“政治问题”国家到“安全问题”国家的演变；朝鲜，随着核问题的出现，，成为美国在东北亚潜在的军事威胁；韩国和日本作为其盟友也开始被重新审视，尤其日本被美国视为是其经济安全领域中的一种挑战。第二章主要分析了小布什政府到奥巴马政府第一任期美国对东北亚安全认知的调整与明晰。此时由于中国经济、军事实力的不断增强，美国开始高度重视中国，从小布什政府到奥巴马政府美国对中国的安全认知经历了从“战略竞争者”（潜在地缘政治对手）到现实挑战者的转变；朝鲜核危机依然存在，但无论是在小布什政府时期还是在奥巴马政府时期，美国仅将朝鲜视为美国在东北亚的安全威胁之一存在，认为朝鲜并非是美国在东北亚的核心威胁；为了应对中国和朝鲜问题，美日、美韩同盟在此时期总体上一直处于不断强化的状态。第三章主要从认知主体——美国国家利益的驱动、认知客体——东北亚权力结构的变迁及国际局势的影响三方面分析了美国对东亚安全认知演变的原因。首先，美国对东北亚安全认知的演变是受美国要主导东北亚秩序这一核心利益所驱动的，以这一核心利益为基础，美国不断根据自身实力及东北亚安全环境的演变，逐步调整对东北亚的安全认知；其次，美国对东北亚安全认知受到了客体东北亚权力结构变迁的影响，冷战后东北亚权力结构的变迁是美国对东北亚安全认知演变的最重要的客观因素；最后，国际局势的变动也是影响美国对东北亚安全认知重要因素，冷战终结、9·11事件、2008年金融危机都对美国东北亚安全认知的变化产生了重大影响。
[Abstract]:Recognizing the security environment, and then perceiving, defining the enemy and friend are the starting point of the national security strategy and regional strategy of the United States. After the end of the Cold War, with the end of the bipolar confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, the security situation in Northeast Asia began to undergo tremendous changes. This means that the United States must re-recognize the security situation in Northeast Asia and judge the strength of its enemies and friends. Thus provides the basis for its formulation of Northeast Asia security strategy. This paper mainly examines the evolution of the security cognition of Northeast Asia from the late Bush Administration after the Cold War to the first term of the Obama administration. The first chapter mainly analyzes the cognition of the United States administration to the threats to the pluralistic security in Northeast Asia from the end of the Bush administration to the Clinton administration. This period is the transition period from "Cold War" era to "post-Cold War" era in Northeast Asia. Faced with the disappearance of the core threat of the Soviet Union, the United States began to re-examine Northeast Asia with a pluralistic view of security. China has experienced the evolution from "political issue" country to "security issue" country in the view of American security cognition, North Korea, with the appearance of nuclear issue, has become a potential military threat to the United States in Northeast Asia. South Korea and Japan as allies are also beginning to be revisited, particularly as Japan is seen by the United States as a challenge to its economic security. Chapter two mainly analyzes the adjustment and clarity of the security cognition of Northeast Asia in the first term from the Bush administration to the Obama administration. At this time, due to the increasing economic and military strength of China, the United States began to attach great importance to China. The Bush administration to the Obama administration experienced a shift from a "strategic competitor" (a potential geopolitical rival) to a realistic challenger from a "strategic competitor" to a U.S. security perception of China; the North Korean nuclear crisis still exists. However, during the Bush administration and the Obama administration, the United States only regarded North Korea as one of the security threats of the United States in Northeast Asia, and considered that North Korea was not the core threat of the United States in Northeast Asia. To deal with China and North Korea, the United States and Japan, the United States and South Korea alliance during this period in general has been in a state of constant strengthening. The third chapter analyzes the reasons of the evolution of American cognition on East Asian security from three aspects: the driving of American national interest, the change of power structure of Northeast Asia and the influence of international situation. First of all, the evolution of the United States' perception of security in Northeast Asia is driven by the core interest of the United States in dominating the order of Northeast Asia. On the basis of this core interest, the United States is constantly evolving according to its own strength and the security environment in Northeast Asia. Secondly, the security cognition of the United States is influenced by the change of power structure in Northeast Asia. The change of power structure in Northeast Asia after the Cold War is the most important objective factor of the evolution of the United States' understanding of security in Northeast Asia, and finally, the change of the international situation is also an important factor affecting the United States' perception of security in Northeast Asia. The end of the Cold War and the 2008 financial crisis have had a great impact on the change of security perception in Northeast Asia.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D819;D871.2

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