冷战后的中亚安全局势分析

发布时间：2018-08-07 20:01

【摘要】：冷战结束后,中亚国家以独立政治身份步入国际社会,"心脏地带"的地缘重要性以及丰富的资源储备使该地区成为国际社会的焦点。经过20余年的发展,中亚国家逐渐探索出了适合本国国情的发展道路。与此同时,全球重要力量对该地区的争夺和影响从未间断。尤其是"9.11"事件之后,美国以反恐之名强势进入,打破了俄罗斯在中亚"一家独大"的格局。颜色革命之后,俄罗斯重夺中亚地区安全主导权,此后俄美在中亚的争夺此消彼长。上海合作组织的成立和发展,加强了中国在中亚地区事务中的话语权,尤其是建设"丝绸之路经济带"倡议提出后,中亚成为中国西向战略要冲。印度、日本、土耳其等国也对中亚国家展开不同程度的渗透和争夺,这些都令中亚地缘政治格局走向多元。在地区层面,中亚国家间存在着领土纠纷、资源争夺等现实问题;在国家层面,中亚国家内部存在着经济发展缓慢、政治腐败、民族宗教关系复杂等一系列问题。除传统安全因素外,"三股势力"在中亚地区合流,跨国犯罪等非传统安全问题呈多发态势,这些都给转型中的中亚国家带来隐忧。为实现地区和平发展,中亚国家从独立之初即开始了构建地区安全机制,实现区域一体化的探索。尽管在这一过程中域外大国的干扰在所难免,但中亚地区总体上保持了稳定发展。随着哈萨克斯坦的崛起,中亚地区的权力结构也在悄然发生变化,中亚国家对于本地区的发展将拥有更大自主权。展望未来,中亚国家应积极构建更为有效的安全机制,通过合作来管控冲突,摆脱安全困境,向着打造安全共同体,实现地区长期和平发展的方向迈进。在建设"丝绸之路经济带"倡议提出的背景下,中国应利用上海合作组织等平台,加强对中亚地区的影响,践行地区新安全观,在做好与中亚国家民心相通的基础上,支持当地基础设施建设,为中亚国家经济发展助力,削减滋生"三股势力"的贫困土壤,维护中亚地区和平稳定。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the Central Asian countries entered the international community as an independent political state. The geographical importance of the "heartland" and the abundant reserves of resources made the region the focus of the international community. After more than 20 years of development, Central Asian countries have gradually explored the development path suitable for their own national conditions. At the same time, global power over the region and influence has never stopped. Especially after 9 / 11, the United States entered strongly in the name of anti-terrorism, breaking the pattern of "one family alone" in Central Asia. After the color revolution, Russia regained the central Asian security dominance, since then Russia and the United States in Central Asia vying for each other. The establishment and development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has strengthened China's right to speak in the affairs of Central Asia, especially after the initiative to build the "Silk Road Economic Belt" was put forward, Central Asia has become the strategic thrust of China's westward direction. India, Japan, Turkey and other countries have also engaged in different degrees of infiltration and competition for Central Asian countries, which have made the geopolitical structure of Central Asia diversified. At the regional level, there are a series of problems such as territorial disputes and competition for resources among Central Asian countries. At the national level, there are a series of problems such as slow economic development, political corruption and complex ethnic and religious relations within Central Asian countries. In addition to the traditional security factors, the "three forces" in Central Asia converge, transnational crime and other non-traditional security problems show a trend, all of these bring the Central Asian countries in transition to worry. In order to realize the peaceful development of the region, the Central Asian countries began to construct the regional security mechanism and realize the regional integration from the beginning of their independence. Although the interference of foreign powers in this process is inevitable, the Central Asia region as a whole has maintained stable development. With the rise of Kazakhstan, the power structure of Central Asia is quietly changing, Central Asian countries will have greater autonomy over the development of the region. Looking forward to the future, the Central Asian countries should actively construct more effective security mechanisms, manage conflicts through cooperation, get rid of the security dilemma, and move towards the direction of building a security community and realizing the long-term peaceful development of the region. Against the background of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" initiative, China should make use of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other platforms to strengthen its influence on the Central Asian region and practice the new regional security concept, on the basis of doing a good job of communicating with the people's hearts of the Central Asian countries. To support the construction of local infrastructure, to help the economic development of Central Asian countries, to reduce the poverty soil that breeds the "three forces", and to maintain peace and stability in Central Asia.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D736

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