我国医养结合模式与实施路径探究
发布时间：2018-08-24 14:04
【摘要】：面对我国社会老龄化程度逐步加深,我国失能、半失能老年人口数量日益增多的现实国情,传统的家庭养老服务已难以满足老年群体的养老需求,特别是大多数的高龄、患病老人需要医疗诊治、疾病预防、健康咨询、康复指导等医疗服务,养老问题成为社会各界关注与热议的民生问题之一。在2013年,我国首次提出医养结合概念,将医养结合模式作为解决未来我国养老服务业的发展趋势,也是保障老年人健康养老的创新模式。但在现实的实践过程中,我国的医养结合面临制度不完善、缺乏专业化护理人才、资金不足等多方面的困难,为现有模式提出优化建议是本文研究的重要因素。本文以人权理论、福利经济学理论和多元主体参与作为理论依据,综合运用文献研究、访谈法与案例分析等研究方法,针对我国医养结合的现实背景与运作模式现状进行研究,结合试行推广过程中出现的困境,提出医养结合模式的优化路径,为政府进一步推广医养结合提供建议。本文由六个部分组成,首先在阐述医养结合相关概念与理论依据的基础上,以我国深度老龄化的现状为切入点,提出我国发展医养结合模式的现实背景。其次提出国家和地方政府提供大力支持、医疗卫生事业改革提供契机的优势条件,详细概述国家卫计委提出未来可以推广的四种医养结合模式。之后以北京市的养老机构和朝阳社区为例,分别介绍这四种模式的典型案例与成功经验。然而,现实医养结合模式的发展面临许多现实困境,最后提出我国发展医养结合模式的建议,即协调相关部门的职能,设立第一责任部门;完善顶层制度设计,建立针对养老机构与老年人身体健康状况的评估制度;将社会资本与社会力量引入到养老行业,实现多元化筹资模式;从国家、行业和学校三个角度,培育专业护理人员,养老机构完善人才管理制度;建立长期护理保险制度与签约家庭医生制度,推动医养结合工作的开展。
[Abstract]:In the face of the reality that the degree of aging in our country is gradually deepening, the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly population is increasing day by day, the traditional family old-age service has been difficult to meet the needs of the elderly, especially the majority of the elderly. Elderly patients need medical treatment, disease prevention, health counseling, rehabilitation guidance and other medical services. In 2013, the concept of combination of medical care and support was first put forward in our country. The model of combination of medical care and support was regarded as the developing trend of the service industry for the aged in the future, and it was also an innovative model to guarantee the health of the elderly. However, in the practical process, the combination of medical and nursing is faced with many difficulties, such as imperfect system, lack of specialized nursing personnel, insufficient funds and so on. It is an important factor for this paper to put forward the optimization suggestions for the existing model. Based on the theory of human rights, the theory of welfare economics and the participation of multiple subjects, this paper makes a comprehensive use of literature research, interview and case analysis to study the realistic background and operating mode of the combination of medical and nursing in China. Combined with the difficulties in the process of trial extension, the optimized path of the combination of medical and support is put forward, which provides suggestions for the government to further promote the combination of medical and support. This paper is composed of six parts. Firstly, on the basis of expounding the related concepts and theoretical basis of the combination of medical and nursing, and taking the current situation of deep aging in China as the starting point, the paper puts forward the realistic background of developing the mode of combination of medical and nursing in China. Secondly, the state and local governments to provide strong support, medical and health reform to provide opportunities for the advantages of conditions, a detailed outline of the State Health and Family Planning Commission can promote the future of the four types of medical care combined mode. Then taking Beijing pension institutions and Chaoyang community as examples, the typical cases and successful experiences of these four models are introduced. However, there are many practical difficulties in the development of the model of combination of medical care and support. Finally, the suggestion of developing the mode of combination of medical and nursing is put forward, that is, to coordinate the functions of relevant departments, to establish the first responsible department, and to perfect the design of the top-level system. To establish an evaluation system for the health of the aged and the health of the elderly; to introduce social capital and social forces into the pension industry, and to achieve a diversified funding model; to cultivate professional nursing personnel from three perspectives: the state, the industry and the school. The old-age institutions should perfect the talent management system and establish the long-term nursing insurance system and the contract family doctor system to promote the development of the combination of medical care and support.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R197.1;D669.6
本文编号：2201050
[Abstract]:In the face of the reality that the degree of aging in our country is gradually deepening, the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly population is increasing day by day, the traditional family old-age service has been difficult to meet the needs of the elderly, especially the majority of the elderly. Elderly patients need medical treatment, disease prevention, health counseling, rehabilitation guidance and other medical services. In 2013, the concept of combination of medical care and support was first put forward in our country. The model of combination of medical care and support was regarded as the developing trend of the service industry for the aged in the future, and it was also an innovative model to guarantee the health of the elderly. However, in the practical process, the combination of medical and nursing is faced with many difficulties, such as imperfect system, lack of specialized nursing personnel, insufficient funds and so on. It is an important factor for this paper to put forward the optimization suggestions for the existing model. Based on the theory of human rights, the theory of welfare economics and the participation of multiple subjects, this paper makes a comprehensive use of literature research, interview and case analysis to study the realistic background and operating mode of the combination of medical and nursing in China. Combined with the difficulties in the process of trial extension, the optimized path of the combination of medical and support is put forward, which provides suggestions for the government to further promote the combination of medical and support. This paper is composed of six parts. Firstly, on the basis of expounding the related concepts and theoretical basis of the combination of medical and nursing, and taking the current situation of deep aging in China as the starting point, the paper puts forward the realistic background of developing the mode of combination of medical and nursing in China. Secondly, the state and local governments to provide strong support, medical and health reform to provide opportunities for the advantages of conditions, a detailed outline of the State Health and Family Planning Commission can promote the future of the four types of medical care combined mode. Then taking Beijing pension institutions and Chaoyang community as examples, the typical cases and successful experiences of these four models are introduced. However, there are many practical difficulties in the development of the model of combination of medical care and support. Finally, the suggestion of developing the mode of combination of medical and nursing is put forward, that is, to coordinate the functions of relevant departments, to establish the first responsible department, and to perfect the design of the top-level system. To establish an evaluation system for the health of the aged and the health of the elderly; to introduce social capital and social forces into the pension industry, and to achieve a diversified funding model; to cultivate professional nursing personnel from three perspectives: the state, the industry and the school. The old-age institutions should perfect the talent management system and establish the long-term nursing insurance system and the contract family doctor system to promote the development of the combination of medical care and support.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R197.1;D669.6
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