赋权视角下城市社区服务政策研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 12:43

【摘要】：随着我国城镇化进程的推进,城市社区的发展速度显著提升。社区数量的激增、社区人群的多样、社区弱势群体及普通居民对社区服务的需求,决定了城市社区服务需要不断创新。从建国初期到20世纪80年代,关于城市社区出台了一些基本规定,促使街道的形成;20世纪80年代到90年代间,社区服务概念正式提出,相关社会政策的出台成为了社区服务产生与应用的主要途径;20世纪90年代到21世纪初,在总结现实发展经验的基础上,通过发挥示范作用,在实践中为城市社区服务创造出了许多新思路;21世纪以来,结合新世纪的社会现实,更具全面指导意义的政策陆续出台,针对不同类型的特殊群体的服务普遍受到关注,面向社区全体成员提供社区服务的政策也不断完善。随着政策的发展,现今城市社区服务社会政策中仍存在着一定的问题。在我国社会发展规律的作用下,通过社会政策的制定与实施,由政府主导发展的模式普遍存在。社会政策在城市社区服务中的指导作用是十分明显的,绝大部分地区都是在中央统一出台的政策指引下,结合地方实际发展情况,制定适合本地区的政策,从而确定社区服务的具体方向,获得相应的支持。然而当前社区服务社会政策在制定与实施过程中存在着如社会政策制定主体的单一、社会政策对象的被动、参与程度的不足及工作执行效率的低下等问题。这些问题的出现,反映了相关社会政策与体制机制上的不足,也体现出了社区居民委员会自治力的缺失及社区居民的失权状态。针对城市社区服务社会政策模式下的问题及政策对象的失权状态,本文将重点放在对社会政策的研究上,对普遍性问题展开的研究,依据赋权理论,将社会工作的价值理念与社区服务社会政策的实际相结合,利用文献综述法与个案访谈法,分析赋权理论介入社会政策研究的原因、目的与方法;在对我国城市社区服务社会政策的变迁研究中,把握政策长期发展方向;从赋权视角出发,对当前相关社会政策进行分析;在分析研究的基础上,介入赋权理论的研究成果,从社会政策的制定与实施、主体与对象等方面提出调整建议。当前对城市社区服务的社会政策研究不是很多,从社会工作专业的角度出发,展开相关政策研究较为空白,在众多学者关注社区实务性工作的背景下,从宏观层次提出建议的研究并不多见。本文将赋权理论应用于城市社区服务的社会政策中,在突破原有研究重点与模式的同时,对丰富社会工作专业建构也有一定的促进作用。本文对社会工作学科领域中宏观社会工作层面的研究,具有一定的研究新意。在面对当前城市社区服务社会政策带来的“失权”状况时,希望通过理清现有社会政策的优势与不足,从赋权角度出发,提出城市社区服务社会政策的发展建议,进而调整社会政策制定、实施中的体制机制,实现居民自治与广泛参与,为具体问题的解决提供支持与依据,最终改善现有政策模式,提升城市社区服务成效。
[Abstract]:With the advancement of urbanization in China, the development speed of urban communities has been greatly improved. The rapid increase in the number of communities, the diversity of community groups, and the demand for community services from vulnerable groups and ordinary residents determine the need for continuous innovation in urban community services. Provisions promote the formation of streets; from the 1980s to the 1990s, the concept of community services was formally put forward, and the introduction of relevant social policies has become the main way to produce and apply community services; from the 1990s to the early 21st century, on the basis of summing up practical development experience, through the demonstration role, in practice for urban community services Since the 21st century, with the social reality of the new century, more comprehensive and guiding policies have been issued, and the service for different types of special groups has been generally concerned, and the policy of providing community service for all members of the community has been constantly improved. Under the influence of the law of social development in China and through the formulation and implementation of social policies, the mode of government-led development is prevalent. In accordance with the actual local development, we should formulate policies suitable for the local area so as to determine the specific direction of community service and obtain corresponding support. The emergence of these problems reflects the inadequacy of relevant social policies and institutional mechanisms, as well as the lack of autonomy of community residents committees and the loss of rights of community residents. In the policy research, the universality problem is studied. According to the theory of empowerment, the value concept of social work is combined with the practice of community service social policy. By using the method of literature review and case interview, the reasons, purposes and methods of empowerment theory's intervention in social policy research are analyzed. In the study of the changes, we should grasp the long-term development direction of the policy; from the perspective of empowerment, we should analyze the current relevant social policies; on the basis of analysis and research, we should intervene in the research results of empowerment theory and put forward adjustment suggestions from the aspects of formulation and implementation of social policies, subjects and objects. Not many, from the perspective of social work profession, the relevant policy research is relatively blank, in the context of many scholars concerned about community practical work, from the macro level to make recommendations are rare. At the same time, it is also helpful to enrich the construction of social work specialty.This paper has some new ideas on the study of macro-level social work in the field of social work. From the perspective of empowerment, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of social policy of urban community service, and then adjusts the social policy formulation, implements the institutional mechanism, realizes the residents'autonomy and wide participation, provides support and basis for the solution of specific problems, finally improves the existing policy model and promotes the effectiveness of urban community service.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.3

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