积极福利视角下残疾人社区康复服务问题探析

发布时间：2018-09-04 16:35

【摘要】：社区康复一直是近年来残疾人服务的热门话题,在残疾人群体的身体康复、心理健康、社会支持网络建构、资源链接、权利维护等方面发挥了重要作用。但是,由于各方面因素的限制,残疾人社区康复的发展仍然困难重重。本文运用文献研究法和半结构式访谈法,以积极福利为研究视角对残疾人社区康复进行较为全面的分析,旨在对残疾人社区康复发展现状和存在的不足进行一个客观的评价,进而为残疾人社区康复的深入发展和综合完善提供方向性的建议。本文梳理了积极福利视角在残疾人研究中的运用,以及国内外残疾人社区康复的研究现状,为后文的残疾人社区康复服务研究提供了指导。基于经验分析发现,虽然现有的残疾人社区康复拥有看似较为完善的政策框架和理念、多元化的参与主体、多样化的服务内容和服务方式、相对专业的服务人员以及逐渐提高的残疾人参与意识,但是,残疾人社区康复仍然存在一些问题,如政策重事后补偿轻事前预防,注重消除收入贫困而忽视能力提升;多元服务体系难以形成,服务效果不佳;服务形式偏向自上而下的行政导向,而非自下而上的需求导向;服务内容安排不合理,服务供给不科学等问题。根据现状和问题归纳出残疾人社区康复三个较为突出的特征:(1)在很大程度上属于社区内的康复,而非真正的社区康复;(2)倾向于遵循自上而下的行政指令,而非动员自下而上的公民参与;(3)貌似的社区康复服务中,社会管理多于社会服务。因此现行的社区康复服务模式可以概括为:行政主导下的以社区管理为取向,以家庭照顾为基础的社区康复模式。积极福利的视角下的残疾人社区康复,应该从观念转变、政策建构和具体的实施策略三个方面来完善。具体包括:残疾人群体、政府和社会大众的观念倡导;推动残疾人社区康复政策的供给侧结构性改革,变事后补偿性政策为事前预防性政策;深化政府职能改革,推动多元主体提供多元的福利及服务。保证残疾人社区康复政策完善、目标明确、措施有效,才能解决发展过程中的一系列问题,更好的实现社区康复的目标。
[Abstract]:Community rehabilitation has been a hot topic in the service of the disabled in recent years. It plays an important role in the physical rehabilitation, mental health, social support network construction, resource link, rights maintenance and so on. However, due to various factors, the development of disabled community rehabilitation is still difficult. In this paper, the author makes a comprehensive analysis of the community rehabilitation of the disabled from the perspective of positive welfare by using the method of literature research and semi-structured interview, in order to carry out an objective evaluation of the present situation and shortcomings of the community rehabilitation of the disabled. Further, it provides directional suggestions for the further development and comprehensive improvement of community rehabilitation for the disabled. This paper combs the application of positive welfare perspective in the research of the disabled, and the present situation of the research on the community rehabilitation of the disabled at home and abroad, which provides guidance for the later research on the community rehabilitation service for the disabled. Based on empirical analysis, it is found that, although the existing community rehabilitation of disabled people has a seemingly perfect policy framework and concept, diversified participants, diverse service content and service methods, There are still some problems in community rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, such as the policy of paying more attention to compensation after the event than the prevention in advance, the emphasis on eliminating income poverty and neglecting the improvement of ability; The multi-service system is difficult to form, the service effect is not good; the service form is inclined to the top-down administrative direction, but not the bottom-up demand orientation; the service content arrangement is unreasonable, the service supply is not scientific and so on. According to the current situation and problems, three more prominent features of community rehabilitation of persons with disabilities are summarized: (1) it belongs to the community rehabilitation to a large extent, not the real community rehabilitation; (2) it tends to follow the top-down administrative instructions. (3) in the seemingly community rehabilitation service, social management is more than social service. Therefore, the current community rehabilitation service model can be summarized as follows: administratively oriented community management and based on family care. From the perspective of positive welfare, the disabled community rehabilitation should be improved from three aspects: concept change, policy construction and concrete implementation strategy. These include: the concept advocacy of the disabled group, the government and the general public; the promotion of supply-side structural reform of the community rehabilitation policy for the disabled, the transformation of the ex post compensatory policy into the proactive policy; the deepening of the reform of government functions. To promote the provision of pluralistic welfare and services. In order to solve a series of problems in the process of development and realize the goal of community rehabilitation, the policy of community rehabilitation for disabled people is perfect, the goal is clear and the measures are effective.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.69

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