公共政策制定过程中的网络参与研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 07:10

【摘要】：公共政策的制定过程对公民来说具有重要的意义,能否参与到政策的制定过程中去,对于公民来维护自身的合法权益具有相当大的作用,只有这样才能推动政策制定的民主化进步。由于网络的迅速发展,也为政府和公众的直接交流提供了一种有效的渠道,网络这一新兴事物能够满足公众的意愿,为政府和公众之间构建了一个桥梁。对于公共政策问题的建构来说,一个问题要成为公共政策问题,这个问题必须具有公共性,能够体现大多数人的利益,同时这个问题必须是公众有强烈的要求解决的,而且必须是客观的,政府能够解决的,确定好政策问题就要分析网络参与对其建构的作用,运用邓恩的分析模型,感知问题情境、搜寻问题到相互协商,推动确认政策问题这几个方面,在这些方面中,公民能够在网络上发现问题,然后引发相关的关注,然后汇成舆论压力,推动问题进入公共政策问题。在公共政策议程设置的过程中,网络参与影响政策议程设置的途径主要是公众议程和政府议程,在网络上公民通过发现问题、讨论、博弈等方式达成共识,形成对政府的舆论压力,推动问题进入公众议程,进入公众议程后,政府再经过讨论、分析决定那些涉及众多人利益并且迫切需要解决的公众议程进入到政府议程；此外公民的网络参与具有能够拓宽政府决策者获取信息的渠道也能提高政府的办事效率等优势,但是也存在群体极化、网络信息失真、网络媒体的定位失误等问题,所以需要采取建立责任制,加强网络道德建设,净化网络环境等措施来更好的发挥网络参与的作用。在公共政策方案的规划的过程中,网络参与主要是公民通过网络对政府公布的政策方案进行讨论,网络搜集方案存在的问题,并向政府及时反馈,政府能够及时的进行政策方案的调适。在公共政策合法化的过程中,公民的网络参与弥补了政府的有限理性的缺陷,同时能够体现公共政策的公共性要求,更重要的是很好的发挥了公民政策合法化主体的作用；同时公共政策的合法化包括程序合法和内容合法两方面的内容,程序上的合法化是指方案通过后经过法定的程序,使方案获得法律地位,而内容上的合法化主要是能够得到人民的认可和支持,并且人民能够自觉遵照执行。网络参与在政策合法化环节的作用,一方面是能够监督政策合法化的过程,另一方面是能够让公民对政策有全方面的解读,并通过网上讨论获得公民的认可和服从,从而有利于政策的顺利执行。公共政策制定过程分为公共问题的构建、公共政策议程的建立、公共政策方案的规划、公共政策合法化四个方面,具体分析网络参与对其四个方面的具体影响,结合相关实例进行比较深入的分析,弄清楚网络参与在公共政策制定的各个环节怎样起到的推动作用,怎样保障公民的参与权,怎样加以改进和完善。从而有利于政府工作效率的提高和推动社会的民主化进步。
[Abstract]:The process of public policy making is of great significance to citizens. Whether they can participate in the process of policy making is of great importance to citizens to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. It is an effective channel for the network to satisfy the public's wishes and build a bridge between the government and the public. The public has a strong demand to solve, and must be objective, the government can solve, to determine a good policy problem is to analyze the role of network participation in its construction, the use of Dunn's analytical model, perception of the problem situation, search for problems to mutual consultation, promote the identification of policy issues in these areas, citizens can In the process of setting the public policy agenda, the network participation influences the setting of the policy agenda mainly through the public agenda and the government agenda. Citizens on the network achieve it by discovering, discussing and playing games. Consensus, public opinion pressure on the government, promote the issue into the public agenda, after entering the public agenda, the government then discusses, analyzes and decides that those public agenda which involves the interests of many people and urgently needs to be solved enters the government agenda; in addition, citizens'network participation can broaden the access to information for government decision makers. It can improve the efficiency of the government, but there are also some problems, such as group polarization, network information distortion, network media positioning errors, so we need to establish a responsibility system, strengthen the construction of network ethics, purify the network environment and other measures to better play the role of network participation. Participation is mainly about citizens discussing the policies and plans announced by the government through the network, collecting the problems existing in the plans and giving timely feedback to the government so that the government can adjust the policies and plans in a timely manner. At the same time, the legalization of public policy includes two aspects: procedural legality and content legality. The procedural legalization refers to the legal procedure after the scheme is passed, so that the scheme can obtain legal status, and the content is consistent. The role of network participation in the process of policy legalization is to monitor the process of policy legalization, on the other hand, to enable citizens to have a comprehensive understanding of the policy, and to obtain citizens'recognition and obedience through online discussions. The process of public policy formulation can be divided into four aspects: the construction of public issues, the establishment of public policy agenda, the planning of public policy programs and the legalization of public policies. How to promote participation in all aspects of public policy-making, how to protect citizens'right to participate, and how to improve and perfect it will be conducive to the improvement of government efficiency and the promotion of social democratization.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D621.5;D63

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