联邦党人国家构建的思想及其实践研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 16:35

【摘要】：独立战争之后的美国,仅仅只靠一个松散的邦联维持着13个州的运转。为克服邦联体制的弊端,1787年13个州的代表商讨制定新宪法,其中赞成批准新宪法和支持联邦主义的人被称为“联邦党人”。长期以来,美国存在着“弱国家”的传统,学术界对于联邦党人的地位和评价都各执一词。因此,引入国家构建理论成为研究美国政治史的新趋势,运用历史和比较的分析方法考察联邦党人国家构建的思想及实践,对于认识国家在现代化中的独特作用有良好的启发性。国家构建作为一个专业的政治学术语,其内涵十分丰富,作为国家构建观念的部分很早就已经产生。联邦党人的国家构建观直接受启蒙时期国家构建观的影响,而韦伯的国家构建观总结了现代国家实现理性化和民主化的过程,马克思主义的国家构建观分析了联邦党人国家构建的局限性。联邦党人在新政府性质、国会权力、行政权力、司法权力等方面与反联邦党人开展了国家构建的辩论,其国家构建思想的核心是构建民族国家,让政府行动强而有力,保持统一稳定的联邦。在联邦党人的国家构建的制度设计及实践中,在一方面实现国家的理性化,它包含了外部关系的理性化、内部结构与组织的理性化、行为方式的理性化、信仰体系的合理性四个层次;在另一方面实现国家体系的民主化,它包含两院制及其代表制、公民权利法案两个具体制度设计。由于各种原因,联邦党人没能在执政时期实现其国家构建的理念。长期与联邦党人斗争的共和党人受“禁运法案”和1812年战争的影响,及时调整执政方针,实现与联邦党人国家构建路线的合流。最后,对联邦党人国家构建的基本动力、基本要件、基本任务、构建时序进行梳理和总结,在国家构建的基本动力中包含了技术革新、市场化和货币化、阶级分化和阶级斗争等四种动力,国家构建的基本要件归纳了核心能动者、初步形成的官僚体制、持续的财政等三个要素,国家构建的基本任务总结了制度建构和合法性建构两个层面,国家构建的时序中梳理了先民族国家、再经济政策、后国家为市场以及社会建构制度等四个次序。从中我们可以看出联邦党人国家构建过程的一般性与特殊性,为深入认识美国国家构建历程和深化国家构建理念提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:After the War of Independence, the United States maintained only a loose confederation of 13 states. To overcome the shortcomings of the confederative system, representatives of 13 states discussed the enactment of a new constitution in 1787, in which those in favor of ratifying the new constitution and supporting federalism were called "federalists." For a long time, the United States had a tradition of "weak states." Therefore, the introduction of the theory of state construction has become a new trend in the study of American political history. It is instructive for us to understand the unique role of the state in modernization to examine the ideas and practices of State Construction of the Federalists by means of historical and comparative analysis. As a professional political terminology, construction has rich connotations and has been produced as part of the concept of nation-building for a long time. The concept of state-building of the Federalists was directly influenced by the concept of state-building in the Enlightenment Period. Weber's concept of state-building summarized the process of rationalization and democratization of the modern state, and Marxist concept of state-building. The Federalists have debated with the anti-Federalists on the nature of the new government, parliamentary power, administrative power, judicial power, etc. The core of their state-building ideas is to build a nation-state so that the government can act strongly and maintain a united and stable federation. In the design and practice of the state-building system of the State Party members, on the one hand, the rationalization of the state is realized, which includes the rationalization of external relations, the rationalization of internal structure and organization, the rationalization of behavior, and the rationality of belief system; on the other hand, the democratization of the state system, which includes the bicameral system and its representatives. Because of various reasons, the Federalists failed to realize the idea of nation-building during their reign. The Republicans who fought against the Federalists for a long time were influenced by the "embargo bill" and the war of 1812. They adjusted their ruling policies in time to realize the convergence of the line of nation-building with the Federalists. The basic motive force, basic elements, basic tasks and construction sequence of the federal party's state construction are sorted out and summarized. The basic motive force of the state construction includes four motive forces: technological innovation, marketization and monetization, class differentiation and class struggle. The basic elements of the State Construction summarize the core activists and the bureaucrats formed initially. The basic task of state construction is to sum up the two levels of system construction and legitimacy construction. The time sequence of state construction includes the following four orders: the first nation-state, the second economic policy, the second nation-market and the second society-building system. The generality and particularity provide reference for us to deeply understand the process of American nation-building and deepen the concept of nation-building.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2

【相似文献】