错误知觉、议题身份与国际冲突——以中美南海航行自由争议为例

发布时间：2018-09-17 15:39

【摘要】：国际关系认知理论的一个核心观点是决策者的错误知觉引发了国家间冲突,然而,错误知觉与冲突之间并非线性的因果关系,传统认知理论未能对错误知觉引发冲突的具体条件做出清晰的界定。而从认知的另一个来源——身份出发,也许可以给出更可靠的答案,议题身份概念的提出则有助于理解错误知觉与冲突之间的关系。议题身份是指行为体在就具体议题进行互动时被激活的身份,代表了行为体相对于互动他者的议题认知和信念体系。行为体围绕议题展开互动,在不同议题中具有不同的议题身份。议题身份对认知过程具有两种影响:一是赋予行为体在议题中的认知偏好和适当性信念,影响错误知觉的形成;二是确定行为体在议题中的利益。这种利益界定决定了行为体对互动议题的敏感程度,进而构成冲突发生的条件。行为体对议题的敏感性越高,其依据错误认知展开行动的动机就越强烈,采取对抗性手段维护利益的可能性就越大,因此冲突爆发的可能性也就越大。近年来中美在南海航行自由问题中的错误知觉之所以呈现出向冲突转化的明显态势,并有可能引发地区冲突,其根源在于双方围绕该议题所产生的议题身份决定了互动过程中的高度敏感性。
[Abstract]:One of the core points of the cognitive theory of international relations is that the error perception of decision makers causes conflicts between countries. However, there is a nonlinear causal relationship between error perception and conflict. Traditional cognitive theory fails to clearly define the specific conditions under which false perception leads to conflict. From the perspective of identity, another source of cognition, a more reliable answer may be given, and the concept of topic identity can help to understand the relationship between false perception and conflict. Subject identity refers to the identity that actors are activated when they interact on specific issues, representing the subject cognition and belief system of actors relative to the interactive others. Actors interact around issues and have different subject identities in different issues. Topic identity has two effects on cognitive process: one is to endow the actor with cognitive preference and appropriateness belief in the topic, and the other is to determine the interests of the actor in the topic. This definition of interest determines the sensitivity of actors to interactive issues, and then constitutes the conditions for conflict to occur. The higher the sensitivity of actors to issues, the stronger the motivation to act on the basis of false cognition, and the more likely they are to take confrontational measures to safeguard their interests, so the more likely conflicts will break out. In recent years, the erroneous perception of the freedom of navigation between China and the United States in the South China Sea has taken on an obvious trend of turning to conflict, which may lead to regional conflicts. The root of this problem is that the identity of the two sides determines the sensitivity of the interaction.
【作者单位】：外交学院;
【分类号】：D815

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