东盟国家在南海政策上的分歧及其对东盟一体化的影响

发布时间：2018-10-05 07:40

【摘要】：东盟成立至今50年,经历过许多挑战和波折。虽然建立之初并不被人看好,但是却取得了成功,成为东亚一体化的模范。现今,南海问题成为影响东亚尤其是东南亚地区安全的重要问题,成为影响东盟一体化建设的又一障碍。东盟从1992年《马尼拉宣言》发表开始,就已经公开介入南海问题。东盟成员国在南海问题的立场各有不同。是否在南海有声索主张,地理位置,国家与域外大国结盟情况尤其是同中美之间的关系,以及同东盟的关系都影响着成员国的立场。这些差异的利益也是造成东盟在公开介入南海之后产生分歧的原因。在对于争端介入的深度,如何同中国进行谈判,以及东盟在南海问题上应该起到的作用上,成员国看法不同。如今,东盟正在和中国对于南海行为准则的制定进行谈判。中国愿意和东盟组织就南海问题展开对话,但是东盟本身在这个问题上却迟迟不能达成共识。在东盟成员国内部博弈过程中,东盟自身存在的缺陷影响了整个协调的进程,甚至扩大了分歧的消极影响。坚持协商一致却局限了东盟南海政策的协商进程,松散的组织特色却束缚了其执行能力,弱机制和弱法制化造成东盟无法向外界提供稳定和有效信息。不同于以往东盟形成决议时仅限于内部执行,有关南海问题的决议和规则的制定要和中国一起来实施,有了一个组织外大国的压力,可以间接成为促使东盟进行机制改进的动力。通过选择性的让渡权力,加强机制和法制建设,提高各项议题的紧密程度,加大成员国内部违约的成本,推动东盟能够走向更深层次的一体化。
[Abstract]:Since its founding 50 years ago, ASEAN has experienced many challenges and twists and turns. Although it was not expected at the beginning of its establishment, it succeeded and became a model of East Asian integration. Nowadays, the South China Sea has become an important issue affecting the security of East Asia, especially Southeast Asia, and an obstacle to ASEAN integration. ASEAN has been publicly involved in the South China Sea since the Manila Declaration in 1992. ASEAN members have different positions on the South China Sea issue. The position of member countries is affected by whether they claim in the South China Sea, their geographical location, their alliances with foreign powers, especially their relations with China and the United States, and their relations with ASEAN. The benefits of these differences also account for ASEAN's disagreement after its public involvement in the South China Sea. Member states differ on the depth of the dispute, how to negotiate with China, and the role that ASEAN should play in the South China Sea. Today, ASEAN and China are negotiating a code of conduct in the South China Sea. China is willing to engage in dialogue with ASEAN on the South China Sea, but ASEAN itself has been slow to reach consensus on the issue. In the internal game process of ASEAN member countries, the defects of ASEAN itself affect the whole process of coordination and even enlarge the negative influence of differences. Adherence to consensus limits the negotiation process of ASEAN's South China Sea policy, while loose organizational characteristics constrain its ability to implement. Weak mechanism and weak legalization make ASEAN unable to provide stable and effective information to the outside world. Unlike the previous ASEAN resolution, which was limited to internal implementation, the formulation of resolutions and rules on the South China Sea issue should be implemented together with China, under pressure from a major power outside the organization. It can indirectly be the driving force for ASEAN to improve its mechanism. Through the selective transfer of power, strengthening the construction of mechanism and legal system, enhancing the closeness of various issues, increasing the cost of default within member countries, and promoting ASEAN to move to a deeper level of integration.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D823;D814.1

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